Advanced Materials Research Vols. 356-360

Abstract: Corn, sunflower and alfalfa were taken as remediation plants. Their phytoremediation and degradation kinetic of petroleum were investigated under field experiment. The results indicated that petroleum degradation rates of corn, sunflower and alfalfa remediation areas reached 42.5%, 46.4% and 44.7% after 150 days of remediation, which were increased by 100.5%, 118.9% and 110.8% compared with that in control area, respectively. Petroleum degradation rates of sunflower remediation areas﹥alfalfa remediation areas’﹥corn remediation areas’, whose half-lifes were 165d, 182d and 193d, respectively, which were decreased by 297d, 279d and 269d compared with that in control area, respectively. The remediation effects of corn, sunflower and alfalfa were obvious.

Abstract: The feasibility of sintering red mud as wet desulphurization sorbent was studied in this paper. The comparative study of desulphurization efficiency by using sintering red mud and traditional desulphurization sorbent-limestone had done in Liquid-column impingement Scrubber apparatus. The effects of gas velocity, liquid-gas ratio and pH value on desulphurization efficiency were studied. Results show that the desulphurization efficiency of sintering red mud is lower than that of limestone in the same slurry mass concentration, while the sintering red mud can be used as desulphurization sorbent when increase its slurry solid content in appropriate way. The gas and droplets can mix well in absorption section when the gas velocity is upper than 2.7m/s. The desulphurization efficiency higher than 80% can be obtained when L/G ratio higher than 15L/m3 and the pH values between 5.2- 7.

Abstract: The pollen–ovule ratios, pollen fertility rate, pollen viability and longevity, pollen histochemistry of Robinia pseudoacacia flowers were determined in the field on Zhen Mountain in Yantai, Shandong province in China. The main results were as follows: Robinia pseudoacacia is completely fertile and has starchy pollen. The pollen longevity was about 80h. The pollen viability was higher than 90% at the beginning of anthesis on sunny days. 80h later, most pollen grains lose their viability. Pollen–ovule ratio (P/O) is 192±19. Accoring to Cruden, R. pseudoacacia is facultative autogamous.

Abstract: We adopt the soakage extracting method and ultrasonic extracting method to extract insecticidal and antimicrobial active ingredients from Artemisia sieversiana, Artemisia annua and Artemisia scoparia. The result show that the best solvent for extraction is 95% ethanol solution for these three species of Artemisia, the best extraction method is ultrasonic extracting method. The lethal concentrations in the contact toxicity of the three species of Artemisia extracts to the 3rd instar larvae of Lymantria dispar were 6.0392, 7.6075 and 11.2561mg/ml. It also has antibacterial effect on Fusarium sporotrichioides, Cytospora chrysosperma, Guignardia laricina and Bipolaris maydis. And the inhibition ratio of growth of the four kinds of pathogenic fungal hyphae is over 50%, when the solution concentration is ≥ 40mg/ml.

Abstract: The effects of four management measures (A: All broad-leaved trees and shrubs were cut, B: All broad-leaved trees were cut, C: All shrubs were cut, D: Partial upper broad-leaved trees were cut uniform.) of Pinus koraiensis plantations on the soil properties were studied in National Natural Reserve located in Lesser Xingan Mountains. Litter mass, soil organic matter mass, soil physical properties, soil chemical properties and microbial characteristics were affected significantly by management activities in the Pinus koraiensis plantations no matter what kind of management measures. The rate of undecomposed layer was bigger than 50% in measure A and measure B, and smaller than 50% in measure C and measure D. The lowest surface soil bulk density was in measure C and D. Soil organic matter mass of measure C and D was bigger than that of measure A and B. In the upper soil layer, the nutrient of measure C and D was higher than that of measure A and B. The totoal number of bacterium, fungi and actinomycetes was the bigger in measure C and D, and the smaller in measure A and B. The rusults of the soil properties under different management measures seems to confirm that increasing the degree of close-to-nature forest management could be conductive to improve the soil quality of Pinus koraiensis plantation.

Abstract: In this article, we studied to different concentrations of MCPA to creeping bentgrass Growth. Through the creeping bentgrass in four different periods of chlorophyll content, MDA and soluble sugar content determination. This test result showed:With the MCPA concentration increases, creeping bentgrass decline of chlorophyll content in the same period of growth, MDA and soluble sugar content increased. MCPA used after the early pair of creeping bentgrass growth is large, to put off with MCPA handle time, to affect to creeping bentgrass growth is gradually decreased.

Abstract: In laboratory bioassay, conducted to study the allelopathic influence of aqueous extracts (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0% concentration) of twelve hedgerow plant species (Amorpha fruticosa L., Citrus reticulate Banco., Coronilla varia L., Eriobotrya japonica Thunb., Eulaliopsis binata Retz., Gynura bicolor DC., Hemerocallis citrine Baroni., Medicago sativa L., Morus alba L., Toona sinensis Roem., Vetiveria zizanioides L., Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb.) which planted in the purple hilly area of Sichuan basin in China was on the germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum astivum L.). At 10.0% concentration, The aqueous extracts of twelve hedgerow plant species significantly inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth of wheat except that A. fruticosa, E. binata and V. zizanioides extracts had no effect or slight inhibition on germination of wheat, but the degree of inhibition was species dependent. The allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts from hedgerow plants on wheat was maximum with G. bicolor, H. citrine, C. varia and M. sativa in terms of germination, and G. bicolor , M. sativa, M. alba and H. citrine in terms of shoot length, root length and dry weight, respecitively. The degree of inhibition increased with increase in concentration. Duplication of this work under field conditions is needed, for which the results of this study will form a valuable base.

Abstract: In the study, the gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll contents of the leaves of Taxus chinensis var. mairei exposed to exogenous nitric oxide (NO) were determined. The seedlings were treated with sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, at 5 different concentrations ranging from 0 mM to 1 mM. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions in laboratory. The result showed that the 1 mM SNP increased the net photosynthetic rate (PN) of Taxus chinensis var. mairei slightly; however, other SNP treatments decreased PN. The water use efficiency (WUE) was increased by exogenous NO, while the stomata conductance (Gs) and the transpiration rate (E) were decreased. The concentrations of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid and total chlorophyll exhibited 0.1 mM> 0.01 mM> 1 mM > 0 mM > 0.5 mM after 10 days of SNP treatments. The experiment proved that at suitable concentrations of exogenous NO signals increased the photosynthesis, and suggested that the SNP treatment might promote the growth of the Taxus chinensis var. mairei seedlings.

Abstract: It was the first time the survey of entomopathogenic fungi infecting aphids was conducted in this subtropical - tropical region, a great species diversity of fungal pathogens including 9 entomophthorales and 1 hyphomycete entomopathogens were observed. Over 4000 alates of three species aphids were trapped from air, 19.22% of them were infected by fungal pathogens and survived less than 3 days although only 5 of 741 B. brassicae were infected , P. neoaphidis was predominant, and most of the infection occurrence in monsoon season over 75% RH. Infected alates from air have proved highly capable of independently initiating progeny colonies in which the fungal infection could be transmitted.

Abstract: Solidago canadensis L. was treated with metsulfuron-methyl, fluroxypyr and iso-propyl glyphosate. The photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured. The results showed that after treated 13 days later, the intrinsic conversion efficiency of light energy decreased, treatment A1B3 had the largest decline, which was 81.6 % of the control, the changes of treatments treated with iso-propyl glyphosate were not obvious; the photochemical quenching parameter of all treatments decreased, treatment A2B2 had the largest decline, which was 42.6 % of control; the photosynthetic electron transport rate decreased obviously, treatment A1B2，A1B3 and A2B2 had the largest decline, which was 20.0 % of control; the net photosynthetic rate decreased greatly, treatment A2B2 and A2B3 drooped more than others, which were 11.3% and 17.8% of control respectively. After treated 50 days later, the plants treated with metsulfuron-methyl and fluroxypyr were dead, whose net photosynthetic rates were zero. The net photosynthetic rates of the plants treated with iso-propyl glyphosate decreased to varying degrees, but plants were alive. Result shows that metsulfuron-methyl and fluroxypyr could be used to kill the Solidago canadensis L., the plants would be dead after treated 50 days later.