Advanced Materials Research Vols. 356-360

Abstract: Petroleum, one of the main energy resources, plays an important role in the progress of human culture. With the development of petroleum industry, soil contamination by petroleum products has become a worldwide environment problem. This study investigated the effects of inoculation using microorganism, identified as an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), Glomus intraradices on oat under petroleum stress using a pot experiment in greenhouse. The concentration of petroleum in the tested soils was 5000mg/kg. The results showed that the degradation rate of the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) of the inoculation treatments was significantly higher than the non-inoculation group. By detection the index of plant growth and physiology, such as soluble protein and MDA, the results showed that all the inoculation treatments increased plant tolerance to the TPHs stress and which could promote the phytoremediation.

Abstract: In this study, the adsorption behavior of phenol onto natural sediments from Liaohe River was studied. The effect of pH, temperature, ionic strength, and surfactants on the adsorption process was also investigated. Results showed that it took 48 h for the phenol to achieve adsorption equilibrium on sediment. Kinetic analysis indicated that the process fit well with the intraparticle diffusion model. The phenol adsorption process was pH dependent with the maximum adsorption at pH 4.58. With respect to the Freundlich and Langmuir models, the DR isotherm can describe the adsorption process better. Thermodynamic parameters revealed that phenol adsorption was physisorption. The coexistent salt and surfactants at relatively higher concentrations inhibited the phenol adsorption on Liaohe River sediment.

Abstract: In order to study the variations among rice cultivars in cadmium (Cd) concentration abilities, pot soil experiments were conducted with six rice cultivars of different types at different soil Cd levels, i.e. 0.12 (the control), 5, 10 mg/kg. The results showed that there were great or obvious variations among the rice cultivars in Cd concentration abilities. But the magnitudes of the variations differed with soil Cd levels and plant organs. Generally, the magnitudes of the variations were larger for soil Cd treatment (5 and 10 mg/kg) than for the control. The magnitudes of the differences among the rice cultivars were higher in grains than in other plant organs. With regard to Cd concentrations in different organs of rice plant, they fell fast from root to grain. Bio-concentration factors (BCF) of Cd in rice plants were in the order: root > stem > leaf > grain. On the differences of soil Cd levels, BCF were in the order: the control > 5 mg/kg soil Cd treatment > 10 mg/kg soil Cd treatment.

Abstract: After cultivating 4 days in Steinberg medium with different concentrations of Cd²⁺ , the toxic effect of cadmiun on Azolla imbricata (Roxb.) Nakai was investigated for the purpose to find out if this plant is suitable to using on restoration of waterbody with cadmium pollution. The variations of chlorophyll content, soluble-protein content, peroxidase (POD) activity, catalase(CAT) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of Azolla imbricata (Roxb.) Nakai were measured in this study. The results show that the chlorophyll content of Azolla imbricata(Roxb.)Nakai has no significant changes in media with Cd²⁺ concentrations compare with control. The MDA content ascended significantly from the Cd²⁺ concentration was 5 mg•L^-1, because of the intensified oxidative damage. When Cd²⁺ concentration is 0.1~20 mg•L^-1, the souble protein content, POD activity and CAT activity increased to resist the oxidative damage. Azolla imbricata (Roxb.) Nakai is tolerance of cadmium pollution, it can be used to water bodies restoration with low level cadmium pollution.

Abstract: Highest types of animal and plant nutrients Tenebrio first. In this paper, the development prospects of Tenebrio breeding, breeding advantage, farming techniques, market potential and project economic and ecological benefits in areas such as comprehensive analysis. The results showed that: Tenebrio farming is a small investment, quick, easy breeding, no pollution, good economic returns, eco-efficient, farmers can get rich quick good project.

Abstract: The caterpillar-shaped Chinese medicinal mushroom cordyceps sinensis has been used in China as a food or herbal medicine to treat numerous diseases. As uncultivated cordyceps sinensis is becoming extremely rare, the price of this herbal medicine is very high. In order to study the pharmacological effects and to minimize the cost, an economical method for culturing of cordyceps sinensis has been developed, which could be processed to large-scale production. We compared the pharmacological components, and the apoptosis inducing activity in BmN cells with both cultured and uncultivated cordyceps sinensis. Based on the real-time PCR of five genes in cyclin family, the aqueous extracts at a concentration of 1mg/ml inhibited 90% of the gene expression when the cells were for 48 hours. Our results indicate that cultured cordyceps sinensis has a higher content of polysaccharide and the aqueous extract shows significant inhibition effect on the BmN cells.

Abstract: This article reports a microwave-assisted route to synthesize nanosilver colloidal suspension and to deposit silver nanoparticles onto activated carbon fabrics (ACFs). The properties of the nanosilver suspension are characterized in terms of bacterial inactivation and growth inhibition. The metallic Ag nanocrystals with narrow size distribution are uniformly dispersed onto ACFs under the microwave irradiation of 1 min. Microwave irradiation is capable of heating up the reaction solution homogeneously, inducing uniform nucleation and rapid crystal growth to form the Ag crystallites. This work aims to elucidate how as-grown Ag nanoparticles affect the inactivation of Escherchia coli (E. coli) and how Ag-ACF surface inhibits the bacterial growth. The Ag colloidal suspension offers superior anti-bacterial ability against E. coli cells at a low concentration of 20 mg/L. Thus, the study has established a simple, efficient and effective process in the synthesis of both Ag colloidal suspension and Ag-ACF composite.

Abstract: Cadmium’s (Cd) impact on the photosynthetic activities of energy plant maize was investigated in pot experiments containing different Cd contaminated levels during the whole growth period. The results showed that the ability of photosynthesis was not obviously inhibited by elevated Cd stress. Net photosynthetic rate (NPR) was decreased with the growth of maize, while transpiration rate (TR), stomatal conductance (g_{s>) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) were enhanced in heading period, then decreased in maturity period. The change of fluorescence quenching and photosystem II (PSII) efficiency was consistent with NPR. Thus, the influence of photosynthesis under Cd stress mainly depended on the response of PSII reaction centre.}

Abstract: The cadmium (Cd) stress to xylophyta Vitex negundo var. heterophylla including growth responses and Cd accumulation in plant was investigated in pot experiment with different Cd concentrations. The result indicated that the shoot length, shoot diameter and root diameter as well as the biomass of organs were obviously decreased when Cd was 50 mg/kg. 100 mg/kg Cd caused the chlorosis of the leaf. The accumulated ability of Cd in Vitex negundo var. heterophylla in turn was root > leaf > shoot. This plant presented efficient ability in removing the Cd from the contaminated soil when initial Cd in the soil was 20 mg/kg.

Abstract: In the experiment that the disposal of low temperature and low turbidity water, we observed the influence of some factors ,such as the acting time of ultrasound, ultrasonic power, amount of coagulant and the PH value of system, in disposing the organic matters of low temperature and low turbidity water. The experimental results show that the water samples which were disposed by ultrasound acting firstly and then by coagulation precipitate processing are best. When ultrasonic acting is 9 min, ultrasonic power transferred to 25 W, the amount of coagulant polyferric sulphate is 12 mg/L and the system pH is 7, the maximum of COD removal rate will up to 87.2%.