Advanced Materials Research Vols. 361-363

Abstract: As an efficient and environment-friendly energy, natural gas has become an inevitable choice for improving environment, achieving the low carbon economy and the sustainable development all around world. However, flow resistance produced in the course of the gas pipeline transportation caused large loss of transportation energy and brought down the transportation capacity. Therefore, this paper have developed a deep researches on the interaction mechanism between a drag reduction agent (DRA) and the inner surface of natural gas pipeline, the flow pattern improvement regularity about DRA membrane acting on the near-wall region of the pipeline, the relation between the flow pattern improvement and friction resistance, the effect regularity of DRA on the friction coefficient of the pipeline inner surface, and the relation between the alternation of the friction coefficient and the drag reduction. According to all above studies, the fundamental reason for flow resistance of the gas transportation has been found, and the drag reduction mechanism of the gas pipeline transportation has also been hold of. Field test shows that the application of the DRA in the course of the gas pipeline transportation reduced the friction loss by 12%-16.5%, and raised the transfer efficiency by 8%-12%.

Abstract: Sea water desalination methods are widely used. Thermal process and membrane process are the commonly used methods .However, both thermal and membrane processes are faced scaling trend. In this study, a new approach for the management of sea water and capture of CO₂, where ammoniated sea water is reacted with carbon dioxide, has been investigated. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, and excess ammonia were assessed. The experimental results indicated that the optimum reaction temperature was about 20 °C and the optimum NH3H2O used amount was 4.8g/200ml. The results indicated that the new approach can reduce the sea water hardness and at the same time, contribute to reducing CO₂ emissions.

Abstract: Firstly, this document explains why the armed forces should cut down oil consumption and develop in a low-carbon way, then it discusses how to do it, i.e. improve the personnel’s awareness of energy-saving and emission-reduction by propaganda and education, implement the system of rewards and penalties and develop and utilize new energy and alternative energy.

Abstract: Based on the statistics data from 1990 to 2008 in Anhui province, this article selects four indexes which include energy consumption, SO₂ discharge, water consumption and COD discharge per ten thousand yuan GDP, and establishes environment learning curves of energy consumption and air pollution, water consumption and pollution in Anhui province. According to these models, the potentials of resources saving and pollution reducing in different periods are calculated and analyzed, represented by the decrease of each index when the per capita GDP increase 1000 yuan. The result shows that: (1) With the growth of GDP per capital, each index falls by power exponential model which follows "environmental learning curve", illustrating that the burden of resource and environment was steady declining. (2) The potentials of saving energy resources and reducing pollution in Anhui province gradually descents from 1990 to 2008, illustrating that the reduction in marginal cost by the development of technology is becoming smaller and smaller, and the enhancement of resource using efficiency and pollution reducing efficiency is not unlimited.

Abstract: Ten mixed fuels were prepared using soybean biodiesel and 0# diesel oil with different blend ratios (in vol %). The effects of the blending ratio on physical-chemical properties of biodiesel-diesel mixed fuels and engine power were investigated. The results shows that, with the increase of the blending ratio, a increase in gelatine, carbon residue, acidity and ash content is found and a decrease in sulfur content and mechanical impurities appears. Furthermore, no distinct affection of the blending ratio on engine power is found.

Abstract: Heilongjiang Province, whose pillar industries are made up of petroleum and coal exploitation, chemicals fabrication and mechanical devices manufacture, is one of the most important industrial bases in China. The leading enterprises from the three pillar industries make up the 59.2% of the total quantity and contribute the 57.3% of the total GDP in Heilongjiang Province. But as a matter of fact, according to the latest statistics, unit GDP carbon emissions of these three industrials are as high as 4. They are the typical industries whose characteristics are high energy consumed and intense carbon emission. As a result, adopting new energy and switching the developmental pattern to a low carbon model are a crucial step in Heilongjiang Province. The authors study this research by the methods of calculating the relevant datum and comparative analysis, and put forward three low carbon energy strategies: making full use of the bio-energy with the leading representatives of Ethanol Alcohol Gasoline and Dimethyl Ether (DEM); increasing investment on wind power project, and utilizing the potential water resources. With the operation of these strategies, we can reduce the carbon emissions and lead the industry to a green and sustainable way.

Abstract: This paper uses sectional data to analyse the structure of papermaking industry and its environmental influence. In the other hand, this paper uses statistical data in 1992-2010, and takes the energy and water consumption, waste gas, SO₂, mist and dust, waste water, COD, the solid waste discharge per 10⁴ RMB Yuan as indexes. The relation between these indexes and economical development is analyzed with the technical advancement and the environmental protection consciousness enhancement, and the statistical model of papermaking industry is established. According to these models, the potentials of saving resources and reducing pollution are calculated. The results are showed that: with economic development, each index is falling by power model, and the relevance presents is high. The environmental loads of different periods gradually drop, because the technical is progressing and the people’s environmental protection consciousness is enhancing. The potentials of saving resources and reducing pollution are falling in papermaking industry, but the potential of present stage is high. This provides scientific foundation for the realization of paper-making industry clean production and envitronmental friendly economy.

Abstract: Increasing public awareness of energy-saving by energy policy is an important way of achieving sustainable development. This paper establishes indicator system to measure the energy-saving awareness of Chinese residents, uses the multiple linear regression method to analyze which energy-saving policy would affect the energy-saving awareness most significantly and finally gets the conclusion that the policies of making laws, conducting propaganda and improving the residents’ education level has a significant impact on raising the awareness of energy-saving, and the policies of increasing price of energy resource, offering energy subsidies, and restricting energy supply can hardly raise people’s awareness of energy-saving.

Abstract: In this study, an integrated agricultural water management system based on interval mixed two-stage stochastic programming (ITSP) has been applied to the long-term planning of water management activities in Yongxin County, Jiangxi Province, China. A conjunctive use of water system is structured for characterizing the developed model. The model can effectively reflect dynamic, interactive, and uncertain characteristics of the water management system in the area. Solutions of the model provide optimal water allocation patterns for decision makers. The results are helpful to address the conflicts existing between the water resources and socio-economic development.

Abstract: Green process innovation is innovating manufacturing technology, process or organization management in an environment-friendly, energy-efficient and low-carbon way. 10 main factors that affect the successful implementation of green process innovation in manufacturing enterprises were categorized into TOE framework. Interrelationships of those critical success factors were structured by interpretive structural modeling, the results of which illustrated the influential structure for implementing green process innovation successfully, and could provide a systematic structure for managers and researchers that commit to the development of green process innovation.