Advanced Materials Research Vols. 361-363

Abstract: This paper analyzes equilibrium with perfect international technology diffusion. The authors argue that if there are no large countries, economic growth rate in the world will converge with perfect international technology diffusion; otherwise, economic growth rate in the world will converge to the large countries’. Moreover, we considered the effect of market structure on the diffusion. Market structure can influence the long-term equilibrium growth rate by influencing international technology diffusion. The best point of market structure that is beneficial to diffusion can be derived in the interval, where the competition factors and monopoly factors are relatively balanced; in the left side of the best point, it will promote technology diffusion, and in the right side, it will impede technology diffusion.

Abstract: The collective evolution of short fatigue crack was experimentally studied through differently-notched cylindrical specimens under symmetrical triangle wave load. A simple and feasible method to measure the damage variable was introduced. The crack length and surface damage variable were obtained by the observation system, the measurement software and the Matlab program. The results show that: Grain boundary is the key factor leading to plateau regions phenomena during the increasing process of crack length; the group behavior of short fatigue crack is measurable and can be described by surface damage variable (D); the fitting curves of D-N/N_f present remarkable stage characteristics.

Abstract: In this paper, the coordinated development system in a typical resource-based coal mining area is divided into four subsystems, respectively society, economy, resources and environment. Taking ShenFu mining area in north of Shaanxi as the example, and the relevant statistics of society, economy, resources and environment in the area from 2000 to 2006 as the basic data, finally evaluation index system of coordinated development about society, economy, resources and environment in ShenFu mining area, containing four subsystems, a total of 23 indexes was constructed through analyzing and screening of the qualitative and quantitative main component. Since the evaluation index system is established on the basic of the actual data in ShenFu mining area from 2000 to 2006, some limitations might be available inevitably. However, it has important reference and guiding significance for the evaluation of coordinated development in the area and other similar areas. And this index system is flexible in application as it not only could be used in the evaluation of the particular area as a whole system, but also can be split to analyze the coordinated development among the four subsystems that are society, economy, resources and environment, which plays an important role to highlight the key problems.

Abstract: Difference from traditional green single supply chain, this paper discusses a multiple supply chains cooperation model with the consideration of production wastes reusing, integrated green supply chain. We establish the uncooperative dynamic game model and the joint decision-making model. The different waste supply and demand quantificational conditions and the output and price strategy of product under the above condition are given. Especially, through comparing the joint decision-making with the independent decision-making, the following are suggested: When waste supply is far less than demand, the cooperation scope of system profit and main product output do not exist; When waste supply is far greater than demand, the cooperation scope of main product output of upstream supply chain is the maximum, and the cooperation scope of system profit is much bigger; When waste supply is roughly matchable to demand, the cooperation scope of system profit and product output of upstream supply chain are the largest.

Abstract: Species diversity was refers to the rich and colorful differences between biological communities in composition, structure, function and dynamic. In this paper, the 64 pieces of plant community samples as the foundation, From the different types and levels of richness and evenness and species diversity index of Liangshui Nature Reserve, three original Korean pine forest types: korean spruce-korean pine forest (HY); oak-korean pine forest (HZ); linden-korean pine forest (HD), two adjacent artificial forest types: birch pure forest (BH); larch pure forest (LY) studied, conclusions were as follows: vegetation community structure features survey were conducted to identificate 39 species of vasculat plant through analying community species composition which belonging to 32 genera of 22 families. The community species structure was analyed to find that Korean spruce–korean pine community and larch pure community were stable structure; oak-korean pine community was ageing structure. linden-korean pine community and birch pure community were growing structure. The Korean pine forest species richness and evenness no significant difference with artificial forests, species diversity indexes were significantly higher compared with the artificial forests, plant communities less be disturbed, community stability higher than artificial forests.

Abstract: Based on the financing and capital operation of the U.S. Superfund, the soil remediation funds of EU countries and Soil and Groundwater Pollution Remediation Fund in Taiwan, the concept of a contaminated-site-fund managed by government is proposed, followed by further illustration of its purpose, raising, application and return.

Abstract: Salinity power is a promising renewable energy with a large amount, which can be tapped by pressure retarded osmosis(PRO), however, efficient membranes are in lack. It was reported subtrates of asymmetrical reverse osmosis(RO) membranes had severe concentration polarizations in PRO process, degrading performance greatly and limiting PRO application. Based on solute transportation equations, the paper presented a common mass transfer resistance model of osmosis process, and disclosed essential differences between PRO and RO by the comparison of resistances. In PRO water permeates through membranes against solute diffusion, which facilitates solute to accumulate in porous subtrate, as a result, subtrate mass transfer resistance is big, water flux and power density is small, especially in the case of trivial subtrate mass transfer coefficient. Commercial RO membrane CA-3000 was studied for PRO application, whose subtrate resistance was found much bigger in PRO, taking the majority of total resistance. Subtrate was optimized for PRO process and membrane performance was projected. When subtrate mass transfer coefficient was improved to 4×10^-6 m/s, power density of 4.75 W/m² was obtained with average sea water, which approached the threshold of commercial salinity power exploitation.

Abstract: The crack propagation law of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel with notched cylinder was researched under high temperature low cycle fatigue. The crack propagation life was viewed by fatigue experiment and the equivalent stress-strain on the crack tip was calculated by the ANSYS. The equivalent J-integral range which was computed by equivalent elastic and plastic strain ranges were employed to denote the fatigue crack propagation rate. The results showed that crack propagation law of this material under complex stress state can be characterized by equivalent J-integral ranges and the relation between da/dN and ΔJf is not influenced by the type of notch and the load strain range.

Abstract: The particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a population-based stochastic evolutionary algorithm, noted for its capability of searching for the global optimum of complex problems. Particles flying out of the solution space will lead to invalid solutions. So often in engineering applications, boundary condition is used to confine the particles within the solution space. In this paper, a new boundary is proposed, which is called as escape boundary. The solution space is divided into three sections, that is, the inside，escape boundary and the outside of the boundary. The location of the global solution in the solution space, accordingly has two types, that is, the global optimum around the center of the solution space, and the global optimum close to the escape boundary. The proposed boundary is introduced into the PSO algorithm, and is compared to the damping boundary. The experimental results show that the PSO based on escape boundary has better search ability and faster convergence rate.

Abstract: Two polymer carriers of reticulated rosin group were synthesized to immobilize amylase in this paper, the nature of immobilized amylase was inspected. Results indicated that the optimal temperature for immobilize amylase was 40 °C, the optimal pH was 6.4, thermal stability and acid-base stability was superior to free amylase, 17% of the amylase activity existed after been used six times.