Advanced Materials Research Vols. 864-867

Abstract: The decolourization of dye wastewater by persulfate was studied using kiscolon scarlet2KN as a model dye wastewater. Effects of several parameters, such as dose of oxidant, pH, temperature and UV irradiation, were investigated in detail. The results showed that the decolourization reaction of kiscolon scarlet2KN by persulfate could be fitted to a pseudo-first order kinetics model. In addition, when the oxidant amount used is 70 times of kiscolon scarlet2KN, pH 5.71 and reaction temperature for 70°C, kiscolon scarlet2KN decolorization rate can reach more than 98%. The results are useful for the treatment of dye wastewater. Keywords: Kiscolon scarlet 2KN, Decolourization, Persulfate

Abstract: The ecotoxicity of penta-BDE in nanosized TiO₂ (nTiO₂) water suspensions was examined using a method developed based on the standard OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals ( i . e . OECD 202). The water flea (Daphnia magna) were used as the testing organisms. The results showed that penta-BDE alone has no acute toxicities to the testing organisms, but exhibited acute toxicities in nTiO₂ water suspensions. The 72 h NOEC of penta-BDE with 1 mg L^-1 nTiO2 to D. magna was calculated as less than 0.1 μg L^-1 , and the 72 h EC₅₀ and LC₅₀ are 50.2 μg L^-1 (95% CI: 0.872.45) and 100.2 μg L^-1(95% CI: 1.222.86), respectively. The toxicity results indicate that nanoparticles might pose potential environmental impact through increasing toxicities of organic pollutants. Further research on the joint ecotoxicity of nanoparticles and organic pollutants is warranted in order to minimize the adverse ecological effects and human health risk of nanotechnology development.

Abstract: Galaxolide (1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethyl-cyclopenta-γ-2- benzopyran, HHCB) is recognized as a novel contaminant in water and has potential adverse impacts on aquatic organisms. The toxic effect of HHCB on Phanerochaete chrysosporium was investigated by exposure of the fungus in nitrogen-limited culture medium to various concentrations of HHCB. DNA damage of P. chrysosporium by HHCB was detected. Comparing with that in the control, the percent polymorphism under different concentrations of HHCB increased, from 21.4% to 42.9%. In addition, the result of UPGMA (un-weighted pair group method of arithmetic means) dendrogram showed that the Simple Matching Coefficient (SM) was decreased with an increase in the concentrations of HHCB. Thus, as an environmental pollutant, HHCB has the toxic effect on P. chrysosporium at molecular level.

Abstract: Chemical reaction kinetic parameters are key factors to influence the NOx conversion in heavy duty diesel's SCR catalytic converter. Therefore the identification method of SCR chemical reaction kinetic parameters is studied in this paper. Based on the software AVL BOOST , SCR catalytic reaction model and its transient rate equations are established according to Eley-rideal mechanism. The identification method of kinetic parameters is studied applying AVL Design Explorer. The simulation model shows good agreement with experiment after identification. The result shows that the identification method is reasonable and feasible to ensure the reliability of catalytic converter model.

Abstract: Dissolved organic matter is an important and active component in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. It has become a hotspot in environment science, with active functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, amino that can influence adsorption and migration of heavy metal contaminants in soil system. Through soil column leaching experiment the article demonstrates that Cr (VI) is dominated by physical adsorption in soils. By using DOM eluent and distilled water to leach at different temperatures in soil, this article shows that release ability of Cr increases with temperature rising, while its deposition capacity increases with temperature decreasing in Water Level Fluctuating Zone. Combined with Gibbs theory, Cr (VI) may take complexation reaction with DOM in soil medium. Thus, new substances appear under the proof of XRD graph.

Abstract: Heavy metals contamination of soil is a widespread global problem. Chelants assisted phytoextraction has been proposed to improve the efficiency of phytoextraction. To study the effects of different chelants on the solubility of heavy metals with time, a batch of soil incubation experiment was conducted. EDTA, EDDS, AES and IDSA of 5 mmol·kg^-1 were singly added to the contaminated soil with no chelants addition as control. After 7 days of incubation, the concentrations of water-soluble Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd increased significantly compared to the control. Pb was increased by 158.6, 3.9, 42.2 and 5.3 times respectively, Cu was increased by 45.0, 162.0, 40.0 and 53.6 times respectively, Zn was increased by 6.2, 5.6, 9.4 and 1.5 times respectively, and Cd was increased by 33.5, 3.3, 126.5 and 38.0 times respectively. The results showed that EDDS was more effective for Cu desorption, EDTA was more effective for Pb desorption, and AES was more effective for Zn and Cd desorption, IDSA was more effective for Cd desorption, which was our interesting findings. With the time increasing, the soluble metals with EDTA treatment was increased or not changed, while the water-soluble metals with EDDS, AES and IDSA treatments were decreased significantly. The underlying reason for the results may be the different chemical characteristics of the chelants. EDTA, a persistent chelant, can’t be degraded in the environment, while EDDS, AES and IDSA are biodegradable chelants which were degraded with time increasing and the metals were absorbed to the bulk soil again, resulting in water-soluble metals reduced.

Abstract: The content of rutin, quercetin, total phenol, total flavonoid, antioxidant properties in ethanol extract of flour and hull from 13 tartary buckwheat cultivars widely grown in China was investigated. HPLC showed that the content of rutin ranged from 7.33 to 440.43 in flour and from 5.18 to 168.7 mg/g DW in hull. Trace quercetin were detected in both flour and hull extracts of all cultivars and the values were determined as 0.74-275.90 and 0.77-15.65 mg/g DW, respectively. The contents of total phenol/flavonoid in the flour were significantly greater than that in hull, and their content varied between samples. The result showed that JQ, QW, and NP are potential candidates for developing of functional food.

Abstract: In this paper, the effect of La (III) on some physiological index and ultrastructure of honeysuckle leaves were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the effect of La (III) on honeysuckle growth depended on La (III) concentration. When the concentration of La (III) was low, it can increase POD activity, increase the chlorophyll contents and the chlorophyll a/b value, decrease the contents of MDA and H₂O₂, so the photosynthetic capacity was strengthened and the membrane lipid peroxidation was decreased. When the concentration of La (III) was high, La (III) could inhibit POD activity, decrease the chlorophyll contents and the chlorophyll a/b value, increase the contents of MDA and H₂O₂, so the photosynthetic capacity was inhibited and the membrane lipid peroxidation was increased. Meanwhile, the low concentration of La (III) did not destroy the cell structure, however, the high concentration of La (III) acted as a heavy metal and destroyed the cell structure and membrane system, La (III) showed a hormesis effecton honeysuckle growth.Abbreviations. ROS: reactive oxygen species, POD: peroxidase, CAT: catalase, SOD: superoide dismutase, MDA: malondialdehyde, TCA: trichloroacetic acid, REL: relative electrolyte leakage,

Abstract: The Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) which is considered as the most effective bio-pesticide is widely used in the world. There are mainly two modes for the production of this microbial pesticides: submerged fermentation and solid-state fermentation. In this paper, The Scale-up of Kg-class Bt production was studied on wheat bran based media in the Box-type solid-state fermentation equipment made by our lab. The fermentation conditions were optimized and the result show that, Bt production yielded a significant increase in spore count and toxin content at the following conditions: actiactivation of culture for 8h, initial moisture content of solid substrate 55%, pH value 7.5, keeping the thick of inoculated media about 4cm and fermenting for 45 h, Maintaining the temperature within a range of 25-30°C, The bioassay efficacy of the product could be above 13000IU·mg^-1, The production of Bt kilograms class by solid-state fermentation was successfully represented as well as providing a strong technical support to the large-scale industrial production of Bt bio-pesticide.

Abstract: With the popularity of plastic mulching technology, the residual agricultural mulch bring more and more negative effect. They destroy the soil structure and harm crops, so effect the agricultural environment. By means of pot and field experiment for rice growth periods, this paper study the content of DBP and DEHP, Pb and Cd in the plants are differences in different film residues at 850 farm in Heilongjiang. Experimental results show that people detect DBP content in plant rice, but DEHP composition has not been detected. Rice seedling DBP content was lower than harvest stem DBP content was lower than grain content. Rice seedlings to Pb and Cd content ripe grains in plants are within the normal concentration; its content requirements are still in the plant growth referral levels. The use of plastic-film mulch is uneconomic under existing plastic film collecting technology in the long run. And come up with study direction in the future.