Advanced Materials Research Vols. 869-870

Abstract: On the contemporary, human beings are facing serious environmental problems. The Environmental system in which human beings are living and the construction of peoples livelihood is not two mutually fragmented systems. The problems of ecological environment have many important implications on the contemporary peoples livelihood, affecting a country's social stability and public political participation. For this effect, our government should actively response to it. With the guidance of scientific development view, we should strengthen the treatment of ecological environment, coordinate the conflicts of environmental interest fairly, unimpeded channels to promote active participation in the public environment, strengthening international environmental cooperation and exchanges so as to make the treatment of ecological environment and the construction of peoples livelihood to achieve the progress and development.

Abstract: With the rapid development of economy in our country in recent years, China is facing the grim environmental problems. Only rely on the government and enterprises, which can not reverse the trend of environmental deterioration. This paper expounds the subject, mechanism, level and method of public participation and environment protection, and then realizes the maximization of economic and social benefits of environmental protection.

Abstract: One of the major technical challenges in storing CO₂ by multi-well gas injection is the stability of CO₂ in the aquifer. In this paper, according to an underground aquifer property in north China, a numerical model of multi-well gas injection for storing CO₂ is developed to understand this mechanism, based on nonlinear seepage theory of CO₂ in aquifer. The impact of working parameters during gas injection period (arrangement form of well group, the schemes of injection rate of multi-well and well spacing) on the stability of CO₂ in the aquifer is analyzed. It is proved that the average reservoir pressure could be reduced using the triangular layout. Appropriately increasing the injection rate of the center well and reducing well spacing could increase the gas storage capacity of reservoir. Based on the results, the optimal gas injection schemes and the optimal well spacing of multi-well gas injection for CO₂ geological storage are obtained. These results provide technical guides for CO₂ sequestration using multi-well gas injection to aquifer reservoir in real projects.

Abstract: Imbalanced distribution of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) registered emissions reductions across host countries was criticized by international community. The paper provided empirical analysis of influence factors to CDM registered emissions reductions across 76 host countries over 4000 projects. The result indicates distribution influencing factors are host country total emission, projects size, project investment, infrastructure and financial services, and they were similar with those factors to general international trade. Finally, the paper concludes distribution of CDM registered emissions reductions across host countries match macroeconomic development status, it demonstrates that CDM plays a normal role as market-based mechanisms.

Abstract: From the emission reduction policy scheme released by Shenzhen which is one of china's first emission reduction pilot cities, enterprises are divided into two different groups according to the scale, at the same time, carbon intensity is regarded as emission reduction target. In order to explore the reason of grouping and setting the carbon intensity emission reduction target. We establish a competitive enterprise relational model - duopoly model, two companies can be seen as large enterprises and SMEs (small and medium-size enterprise) representatives. The process is a two-stage game between the government and enterprises under carbon tax policy, which come to the conclusion: implementation of carbon tax policies enlarge the competitive advantage of large enterprises in the industry and compress living space of SMEs. At the same time, compared to carbon emission amount target, carbon intensity target is more easy to implement.

Abstract: The CO2 emissions of highway transportation industry are huge. In order to study factors affecting carbon emissions of highway operation period, selected five primary route design indicators to analyze. The five indicators were Speed, Gradient, Radius of Curvature, IRI, Traffic Volume and Green Belt. Combined the existing Carbon Accounting Model and the Carbon Accounting Software of Highway Operation Period[4], which could calculate the equivalent carbon emissions. By using Gray relational analysis method, calculated the relational degrees between route design indicators and carbon emissions of highway operation period. At last, found that the most important factor affecting carbon emissions of highway operation period was average daily traffic volume. The research will be helpful to discuss the carbon emissions of highway operation period in a targeted manner.

Abstract: The CO2 emissions of highway transportation industry are huge. There are many factors which are affecting highway carbon emission. To reduce vehicle emissions, and improve the design, construction, operation and management of highway, which was the main purpose of the study. The whole life cycle of highway was divided into construction stage and operation stage. Factors which affected carbon emissions of different highway stages were discussed, and they were artificial carbon emissions, energy consumption of machinery and equipment, building materials, pavement types, low carbon management, types and carbon emission coefficients, running speed, radius of curvature of horizontal curve, road roughness, gradient of longitudinal curve, traffic volumes, plant carbon sink. Put forward the highway carbon emissions accounting methods, and established the carbon accounting models. The research will be helpful to reduce carbon emissions of highway transportation industry.

Abstract: Soil respiration was continuously measured in situ by using Licor-8150 in a Phyllostachys pubescens plantation, located in Miaoshanwu Forest Ecosystem Research Station in Fuyang, Zhejiang Province. Soil respiration showed an obvious variation in season, which is consistent with the variation of soil temperature, peaking at the hottest month (August) and bottoming out at the coldest month (January). Moreover, the ratios of different soil respiration components to total soil respiration were different, with 25.7% in root respiration, 57.0% in litter respiration and 17.3% in heterotrophic respiration.

Abstract: This paper uses STRIPAT models to find the impact of population, economy and technology on CO2 emissions of China. The result shows the impact of population, economy and technology on CO2 emissions are 1.253, 1.076, and 1.077 respectively. According to the future prospect of China, three scenarios of Chinas economic development are given to forecast the CO2 emissions, the forecasting results shows that if Chinas economic, population and energy consumption is increasing 7%, 0.4%, 5% every year, respectively. CO2 emissions will reach 21.05×10⁸t in 2020. The CO2 emissions per unit GDP is decreasing by 45.54% in 2020 compared to 2005, which can fulfill the Chinese governments promise to decrease the GHG emissions per unit GDP by 40-45% in 2020 compared to 2005.

Abstract: The Australian carbon pricing scheme (carbon tax) was introduced and became effective on 01 July 2012. The introduction of the carbon tax immediately increases the cost of electricity to a number of industries such as manufacturing and construction. Households were also affected as a result of these costs been passed through the supply chain of the affected industries. The carbon tax policy was introduced to addresses greenhouse emissions and energy consumption in Australia. However, the carbon tax policy may have introduced a number of economic risk factors to the Australian housing market, in particular the impact of housing affordability.