Advanced Materials Research Vols. 984-985

Abstract: This paper presents the design and fabrication of a novel low cost transducer for angular deviation measurement, which replaces gyroscope in some of the Industrial applications where the gyroscope is found to be incompatible because of their size, weight, cost & complexity. This could be used to measure slope or an angular deviation under static and dynamic conditions. The basic approach of this work is to derive measured signal from a proposed transducer, proportional to the inclination of the platform with respect to ground. In this work, change in resistance of strain gauge due to the weight of a steel ball acting over it, produces an unbalanced voltage. This voltage is amplified and calibrated in terms of inclination angle. In this paper, a slope transducer has been designed and developed for measuring various inclinations with respect to horizontal earth’s surface.

Abstract: This paper deals with simulation and implementation of interleaved boost converter. The low voltage DC is boosted to high voltage DC using an interleaved boost converter .The ripple in the output is reduced by using ILBC and Pi filter .This work proposes‘Pi’ filter at the output to reduce the ripple.ILBC with ‘C’ filter and ‘Pi’ filter is simulated and the results are presented with R load . The simulation results are compared with the experimental results.

Abstract: This paper investigates the state space averaging of a four-phase Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) powered by fuel cells. The state space averaging technique is a method to model the converter as time independent which is defined by a set of differential equations which will be useful for designing the controllers [18]. In this paper, mathematical models developed using state space averaging technique are presented for the proposed IBC. The power loss calculations are also computed. Simulation of IBC with fuel cell as the source is carried out in MATLAB and the results are presented and discussed.

Abstract: By employing the power factor corrected circuits the supply current will tend to follow the supply voltage. Hence both are in phase with each other. Single-stage interleaved AC–DC converter with ripple steering technique is proposed in this paper to reduce line current harmonics and to improve the supply power factor. Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) topology with ripple steering technique is analysed here. The proposed IBC with ripple steering is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK and the performance parameters such as supply Harmonics, Power Factor (PF) and Distortion Factor (DF) are computed and compared with conventional topology. Experimental results show the advantages and flexibilities of the proposed method.

Abstract: Frequency Scaling based energy efficient MBCCS is implemented in this paper. In this design, if battery's voltage or current is less than threshold then battery will continue charging. Whereas, if voltage or current is more than threshold then it will ring Overcharge Alarm. With Frequency Scaling, we reduce frequency from 1THz to 25GHz, where 125GHz, 625GHz are intermediate frequency value. There is 97.50%, 100%, 97.54%, 97.48%, 20%, 96.48 % reduction in clock power (CP), logic power (LP), signal power (SP), IOs power (IOP), leakage power and total power dissipation respectively when we scale down frequency from 1 THz to 25GHz.

Abstract: Numerical analysis of piezoelectric smart beams plays an important role in the design of smart beam based control systems. In general, smart beams are thin and Euler-Bernoulli piezoelectric beam element is widely used for their structural analysis. Accuracy of Euler-Bernoulli piezoelectric beam element depends on the appropriate assumptions for electric potential involved in the formulation. Most of the Euler-Bernoulli piezoelectric beam finite elements available in the literature assume linear through-thickness potential distribution. It is shown that the accuracy of these conventional formulations varies with relative proportion of piezoelectric material in the total beam cross-section. This is attributed to the effect of the induced potential due to electromechanical coupling. The use of a number of sublayers in the mathematical modeling of each piezoelectric physical layer is shown to improve accuracy, at the cost of additional computational effort due to increased number of nodal electrical degrees of freedom. A more efficient way to handle the effects of induced potential is to use a consistent through-thickness electric potential derived from the electrostatic equilibrium equation. In addition to the conventional linear terms, this field consists of a higher order coupled term which effectively takes care of the geometric effects and produce accurate results, without the use of sublayers in modeling.

Abstract: Food safety has emerged as an important global issue. Illness from the pathogenic bacteria is a significant health concern. Pathogens are potentially harmful and it contaminate food and causes foodborne illness . It is very important for early detection of food borne pathogens. Conventional methods of detecting these pathogens eventhough sensitive, but still it is time consuming,complex and laborious. Biosensors have great potential for the detection of pathogenic bacteria in food. Biosensors are developed to rapidly detect the pathogens. In this paper, we use nanosized magnetite nanoparticles coated with chitosan, a polymer to capture and identify bacteria from contaminated food sample and eliminates the purpose of specific antibody coating. Amine group with magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) specifically binds with the bacterial cell wall, on their surface of most pathogenic bacteria present in food. Rhodamine as a dye/marker which emits fluorescence in exposure to light used to detect the bacterial concentration in terms of light or fluorescent intensity and analog voltage using Magneto-Fluorescent biosensor. The developed biosensor could be able to detect bacteria in the limit of 10 CFU/ml and the time taken for measurement of a sample using biosensor would be less than 5 minutes.Hence the developed biosensor are non-specific and highly sensitive.

Abstract: Indium Antimonide (InSb) has the greater electron mobility and saturation velocity of any semiconductor. Also InSb detectors are sensitive between 1–5 μm wavelengths and it belongs to III-V [13] component. In this paper we compare the InSb with some other major components like Indium Phosphide (InP) and Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) which are also from same III-V group. The analysis was made using the simulation tool TCAD and using the properties and band structure of those materials we compare InSb with InP and GaAs. The results we proposed shows that InSb is best for ultra high speed and very low power applications.

Abstract: — In this work, 8-bit counter power optimized counter is designed with help of energy efficient techniques called mapping and simulation activity file in format of Value Change Dump (VCD) file and setting file (*.xpa) to define toggle rate, activity rate and enable rate for the power consumption estimation in order to get energy efficient design. With mapping, there is 33.33%, 34.61%, 36.5%, 36.49%, 36.86%, 36.9% dynamic power reduction in counter when device is operating on 10MHz, 100MHz, 1GHz, 10GHz, 100GHz and 1 THz frequency. This reduction achieved by mapping control signal to control port in place of mapping control signal to LUT (Look Up Table) input. In Resource utilization, when we are mapping the control signal to control port, there is 70.58% less number of LUT and 39.89% less number of IO usage than mapping the control signal to LUT inputs. Spartan-3 FPGA is taken as target device and Xilinx 14.1 ISE is taken as design, synthesis and implementation tools. Verilog HDL(Hardware Description Language) is used to synthesize the counter on FPGA. The power dissipation of the FPGA based energy efficient design is verified using Xilinx XPower tool.

Abstract: The design process of shell and tube heat exchanger is difficult due to the complex geometric parameters with thermodynamic and fluid dynamic factors, which consume more time and minimum possibility for an optimum result in the case of conventional design. The optimum design of shell and tube heat exchanger was determined to predict optimum heat transfer coefficient with the effect of geometrical parameters such as number of baffles (N_B), Shell diameter (Ds), Tube pitch (Pt) and Baffle spacing (L_B). The analytical calculations were done using Response Surface Methodology on four factors, three level, central composite face centered design matrix with full replications technique by 95% confidence level. The results indicate that the geometrical parameters with optimum design.