Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 71-78

Abstract: In order to fabricate high perform carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix composite (C/SiC). SiC interphase of three dimensional(3D) braided carbon fiber performs was prepared by polymer infiltration pyrolysis(PIP) using polycarbosilane(PCS) as precursor. Then, C/SiC composites were fabricated by gas silicon infiltration(GSI) at 1400～1700°C to C/C greenbody, which was prepared by PIP based on precursor of phenolic resin from one to four cycles. The influence of pyrocarbon(PyC) content in C/C greenbody on the composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of C/SiC composites was investigated via X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), physical and chemical methods. The results indicate that there were β-SiC, residual Si ,C and closed pores in C/SiC, and the different pyrocarbon(PyC) content influenced C/SiC mechanical properties via the variable content of β-SiC, residual Si, C and closed pores. The C/SiC composites with 2 cycles of PIP-C, which had fitting relative content of β-SiC, residual Si and C, possessed the best mechanical properties. The flexure strength and flexure modulus were 187.3MPa and 66.5GPa. The β-SiC generated from PCS wrapped the carbon fiber bundles, protecting them from reacting with gaseous silicon. The phenomenon of ‘fibers pull-out’ was observed in all four groups of C/SiC composites, which manifested the mechanism of toughness fracture.

Abstract: With current development in the pedagogy of teaching and learning approaches in the world, not many studies have been done on outdoor learning in Malaysia. Most of the study was focusing on the development of curriculum and the delivery of knowledge but not many writing and approaches has been done to see outdoor learning as one of the alternative methods of learning in school design. This paper tries to briefly explain the philosophy and approaches of one of the alternative school in Indonesia which is the Natural school or Sekolah Alam which grow tremendously fast in Indonesia. With its unique methods and learning philosophy, this Toto Chan’s style of learning has been considered one of the fastest growing alternative school in Indonesia. With its successful attempt in grooming un-ordinary children this school has proofed to be the most effective implementation of outdoor learning study methods in Indonesia. The discussion itself will consist of four (4) main parts First part will discuss on the current problem and situation in teaching and learning in Malaysia, while the second part will try to explore and review on the definition of outdoor learning with its importance and character in learning environment. The third part will focused on the lesson from Natural School approaches and philosophy of learning while the last part will do some analysis and comparison which result on the suggestion and recommendation for outdoor learning facilities design in Malaysia.

Abstract: Education is completely linked by spiritual and mental aspects and has direct effect on thoughts and ideas; even it can make a pattern and line behavior for humans’ life. Indeed if educating system be able to has a positive impact on its’ inputs, then it can import its influence to the whole society by its outputs which their number is not less. Especially in art and architecture this influence would be multiple and multilateral, because students are the future designers and peoples’ life will be influenced by them. So we ought to pay more attention to education phenomenon. Limited natural sources and the destructive effects on next generations’ portion attracted the attention of all sciences and different professional majors to find how to generate new sources of energy that they called Sustainable. Architecture as a linked field to other knowledge and sciences was not excepted and like past periods of history, tried to find best solutions and appropriate responses. Today, the definition of sustainable and the domain of it have developed and it is known in vast meanings and categories. Education is one of these categories that it has to be containing the word, sustainable. Sustainable education as a first stage of attitude and effect on future can play an important role. Sustainable Architectural Education and try to trace methods of sustainable architectural education is the target of this paper.

Abstract: In 1982, the National Literacy Survey carried out by the National Library reported that Malaysians only read an average of one to two pages a year. Fortunately, the reading habit among Malaysians improved to two books per year when the National Literacy Survey was repeated in 1996. Nonetheless, the last National Literacy Survey carried out in 2005 reported that Malaysians still read an average of two books a year. In short, there had been no improvement. The main objective of this paper is to initiate and open a wider discussion on library design and learning facilities in Malaysia. It tries to take some lesson from one of the greatest modern American Architect which is Frank Lloyd Wright. The discussion itself will consist of four (4) parts. First part will discuss on the current problem and situation in reading and library issues in Malaysia while the second part will try to explore and review on the definition of outdoor learning with its importance and character in learning environment. The third part will focused on the Frank Lloyd Wright’s sustainable approaches in spatial and landscape arrangement while the last part will do some analysis and comparison which result on the suggestion and recommendation for outdoor learning facilities design in Malaysia. With some understanding from the established environmental approaches of Frank Lloyd Wright’s above it is expected that we can reconstruct and redefine some framework and guideline for future outdoor facilities design in Malaysia.

Abstract: This paper aimed to investigate the influence of using silane surface water repellent treatment on the capillary water absorption properties of recycled aggregate concrete. In this study, two types of coarse aggregate, natural aggregates and recycled aggregates were used, and the surface water repellent treatment of concrete was produced by brushing 100g/m2 and 200g/m2 of paste. It was found that the silane impregnation depth of recycled concrete was deeper than that of natural concrete, and the surface treatment was more effective in the improvement of capillary water absorption properties of recycled aggregate concrete than the natural aggregate concrete.

Abstract: The performance of two-phase anaerobic in a laboratory-scale operating on traditional Chinese pharmaceutical industry wastewater at various hydraulic retention times was investigated. The wastewater with high pollutant concentration in reactor designed based on two-phase anaerobic principles was analyzed with GC-MS. The effect of controlling the pH of the methanogonic phase of traditional Chinese pharmaceutical industry wastewater digestion on the biogas production rate and pollution potential reduction was also investigated. The reactor was designed to act as a liquid-solid separator, in order to maximize the microbial mass in it, and was operated at different hydraulic retention times. It operated as a two-phase reactor when the pH of the wastewater was controlled in the methanogenic phase. The results of experiment indicate that acidifier discomposes compounds composed of big molecule were degraded into small acid molecule which is more subject to biochemical treatment, and after the final treatment of reactor producing methane, species and contents of compound contained in treated wastewater are obviously reduced.

Abstract: This study is concerned with the deformation field of the reinforced soil based on the consolidated drained triaxial test, using digital image processing technique in deformation measuring of soil specimen in trialxial test. In order to research the relation between anti-deforming capacity and strain of reinforced soil, intensity characteristic and failure mode, the glass fiber was used as a material of reinforce and 30 groups of triaxial tests were performed under 2 different reinforced positions and 3 types of confining stress. Together with digital image processing technique, we researched the transverse and vertical deformation ratios of reinforced soil in deformation process, drawn the deformation diagram of soil specimen in peaked strain and probed the reinforce mechanization and formation of shear field in reinforced soil. It was shown from the result that the geogrid has a great restraint, which increases with the growth of confining stress, on transverse deformation in medium sand. However, in final, the geogrid is incapable of changing the breakdown trend of soil body.

Abstract: Lateral buckling must be considered in exposed HP/HT pipeline design. Snaked-lay method is an effective lateral buckling control method, a new shape of snaked-lay pipeline is presented. Using ANSYS, nonlinear finite element model exposed on even seabed is built. Based on the FEM, sine length and snaked-lay radius are all studied. Sensitivity analyses show that critical buckling is reduced with sine length increasing when lay radius is fixed, but when sine length exceeding a certain value, there is no further reduction in resulting critical buckling force. Maximum moment and critical buckling force are all increased with snaked-lay radius increasing, but for maximum moment when snaked-lay radii exceeding a certain value, the increment is small.

Abstract: According to the BS7448 fracture toughness test standard and DNV-OS-C401,this dissertation conducted a CTOD(crack tip opening displacement) fatigue crack precast test with the used steel Q370qE in bridge.Respectively tested different thickness mather materials’condition of fatigue crack,and analysis the test’s results,thus obtained the related conclusions.