Advanced Materials Research Vols. 361-363

Abstract: A convenient and nutritious dried instant Sargassum fusiforme was developed by the study on the technology of drying with the raw materials of Sargassum fusiforme. The result indicated that the optimum drying technology of Sargassum fusiforme is: on the condition of 95°C for 90s,to blanching, then by means of variable temperature for hot air drying at the 3m/s wind speed, which is air temperature 80°C in first hour,70°C for another 3.5 hours, that we can get high quality Sargassum fusiforme in Rehydration shape,color, and taste .etc.

Abstract: In this paper, the hot water extraction conditions of mycelium polysaccharide of Tricholoma mongolium were investigated. By single-factor experiments, ethanol amount was determined at three times and the other factors (liquid–solid ratio, extraction temperature and time) were chosen to further optimize extraction conditions using response surface methodology (RSM). The Center Composite experimental results showed the optimum extraction conditions as follows: a temperature of 85.38°C, a liquid–solid ratio of 31.78 g/ mL and a extraction time of 2.18 h. Under these conditions, two extractions sufficiently reached the maximal the rate of mycelium polysaccharide 7.23%.

Abstract: From the perspective of agricultural cluster to explore network structure, knowledge spillovers, absorptive capacity for technical innovation of the agglomeration. Studies have shown that dense network structure will enhance the knowledge spillovers and promote the actual absorptive capacity of agriculture cluster members, absorptive capacity is conducive to the enhancement of knowledge diffusion, the network structure, knowledge spillovers and absorptive capacity is directly related to agricultural technology innovation.

Abstract: The changes in moisture, cyanogen, crude protein and fat content of para-rubber seed at post-harvest from 0 to 27 days in August and 0-48 days in November were studied. After a short storage, 3 days in August and 6 days in November, the cyanogen content reaches its peak 230-250 mg/100g dry wt, then it decreases during the whole storage. Results show that reducing the initial drying rate promote cyanogen removal. Cyanogen content reduces more effectively in proper storage and processing, while crude protein content and fat content change little during storage.

Abstract: A simple and rapid blitzkrieg extraction procedure has been developed and optimized for hexane extraction yield from the noni (Morinda citrifolia L) seed. Several variables that could potentially affect the extraction efficiency, namely, solid: liquid ratio (g /mL), blitzkrieg extraction voltage (V), extracting time (s) have been optimized by means of response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum conditions were the ratio of material to liquid 95g/500mL, blitzkrieg extraction voltage 148V and extracting time 79s. Under the optimum operating conditions, the extraction yield was 10.42 %, a drastic reduction of the blitzkrieg extraction time (79 s vs. 8 h) was achieved, comparable with the reflux extraction.

Abstract: The polysaccharides of the asparagus old stalks was seperated by ethanol precipitation and ultrafiltration. The molecular weigh distribution and antioxidative capacity of the extracts of the alcohol precipitation(C-1), ultrafiltration retention(C-2), and ultrafiltration penetrates (C-3) were further evaluated. The polysaccharides yields of the C-1, C-2, and C-3 were 1.53, 1.21, and 0.71%, respectively. The weigh average molecular weight of C-1, C-2, and C-3 were 163900, 135880, and 61063 Da, respectively. C-2 showed the strongest antioxidant capacity in all extracts by the scavenging effect on DPPH, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. Therefore, the ultrafiltration was an alternative to separate the polysaccharides from the asparagus old stalks and kept their antioxidatant capacity.

Abstract: We established multiple regression models by on-site survey on 3090 famers’ family in 139 counties in 4 provinces in the Huang-Huai plain, comprehensively analyzing the factors which affect the utilization of farmer's straw. Research results indicate that, some factors such as family agricultural labor population number, and family income level, and masters’ political conditions, and duties in village, and education life, and straw using technology master situation, and straw using cognitive and farming area, and farming system, and straw subsidies, and straw industry development have positive effects on straw comprehensive utilization, while the factors like part-time work degree, and domestic livestock culture situation, and the cost-effective of using straw have negative effects on straw comprehensive utilization. These factors like straw subsidies, the cost-effective of using straw, straw using cognitive, straw utilization technology, family farm income, farm area have significant impact on farmer's straw utilization; masters’ political conditions, duties in village, education life, family livestock culture situation, straw industry development make little influences. To increase the level of farmer's straw comprehensive utilization, there are some measures to take: Party members and leaders of the village further play the exemplary role apart from raising the awareness of farmers on crop straw; conscientiously implement the State subsidy policies about straw; implement straw utilization technology innovation, actively promote straw utilization technology; promote the realization of straw resources and commercialization to improve farmers’ income.

Abstract: Antarctic krill (Euphausia superb) is a species of krill (shrimp-like crustaceans) found in the Antarctic waters of the Southern Ocean. It is the most abundant species of krill, which catchable stock is believed to amount up to 10 million tons per year, and may be the most potential marine resource for utilization as food in the world. This paper compared the nutritional components and heavy metals of edible portions of Antarctic krill, greasy-back shrimp (Metapenaeus ensis), Chinese white prawn (Exopalaemon modestus), and oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense). Antarctic krill meat contained 76.39% of water, 17.22% of crude proteins, 2.66% of crude lipids, and 1.43% of ashes, respectively. At dry basis, Antarctic krill had relatively lower content of crude protein (72.92%) than oriental river prawn (85.35%), greasy-back shrimp (81.12%), or Chinese white prawn (78.18%). However, it had significantly higher lipid content (11.25%) than the three species of shrimps (4.89%~6.65%). And the total amino acids in dry samples of Antarctic krill meat was 74.46g/100g, which was lower than the shrimps, but the essential amino acid content (45.90g/100g protein) was higher than others. Regarding to minerals, no significant difference was found in Antarctic krill and the shrimps, with exceptions that Antarctic krill contained two to three times higher content of magnesium (458.28mg/100g) and copper (4.96mg/100g) than shrimps. In addition, the heavy metals including lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr) in Antarctic krill meat met the limit standard of contaminants in aquatic products. But fluorine content of Antarctic krill meat surpassed the safety limit (2.0mg/kg) and might be a safety concern.

Abstract: Collagen peptide was prepared from Navodon septentionalis bone by applying bromelin as a catalyst. Navodon septentionalis bone was mixed with 1%bromelin (w:w)and water at a ratio of 1:4 (w/w).The mixture was incubated at 60°Cfor 4 hours. The dehydration degree was up to 26.20% on optimum condition and the concentration of polypeptide was almost 50mg/ml. The antioxidant activity was investigated and compared with vitamin C, TBHQ, BHA and BHT. Collagen polypeptide at 50mg/ml and 10mg/ml exhibited 80% and 92.5% of scavenging activities on hydroxy radical and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, respectively.

Abstract: The hypoglycemic function of mulberry leaves polysaccharide and 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) is studied preliminary.The extraction is injected into stomach of mice which have diabetes mellitus caused by alloxan.After observation and detection about blood sugar,it is discovered that the mulberry leaves polysaccharide and 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) has hypoglycemic function.