Advanced Materials Research Vols. 343-344

Abstract: Though C. fluminea is always used as a biomonitor to evaluate the aquatic environment, the adaptive mechanism to chromium is far from clear. In this paper, an acute toxicity experiment was conducted to study the alterations in Cr accumulation, nutrient uptake and oxidative response in Corbicula fluminea exposed to Cr⁶⁺. Cr content increased in C. fluminea with the increase of exterior Cr⁶⁺ concentration while the Cr bioaccumulation factor decreased. The Cr⁶⁺ application disturbed the uptake of Zn, P, Cu, Fe, and Mn content. Increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased catalase activity were detected in whole body, mantle, viscera and pleopod. The MDA accumulation in these organs is in sequence, viscera > mantal > whole body > pleopod, suggesting viscera is more sensitive to Cr than other organs. The results also indicate that Cr⁶⁺ stress disturbs the balance of nutrient uptake and causes the lipid peroxidation in C. fluminea.

Abstract: RAPD markers are used to study the genetic diversity of the main planting on 37 castor varieties widely cultivated in china according to the oil content and other characteristic of different castor varieties. Genetic distance of 37 Chinese castor varieties is studied by RAPD markers analysis. RAPD analysis shows that a total of 122 bands are amplified from random primers of 20 S series, including 71 polymorphic bands with polymorphic rate of 58.20%. 37 castor beans are divided into four major groups in the phylogenetic tree. One castor germplasm is included in1, 2, 3 groups respectively, and two sub-groups are included in the 4 major group.

Abstract: A concentration of 1.2×108 cfu/mL Bacillus coagulans YX-6 was poured into the shrimp culture ponds with the concentration of 1000mL/667m2, and the water quality such pH, DO, NH+4-N content, NO-2-N content, and the death quantity of the shrimp were studied for 7 days. It was demonstrated that the Bacillus coagulans YX-6 could improve water quality in contrast with the control group. The results indicated that the pouring of Bacillus coagulans YX-6 can help to keep the pH 8.0~8.3, increase the DO content of farming pond, and it degraded the NH+4-N from 1.7 mg/L to 0.35 mg/L, simultaneously, it decrease the NO-2-N from 0.64mg/L to 0.05 mg/L, and it decrease the average death rate of the shrimp as 50%（P<0.05）.

Abstract: In this work, we report the characterization of a chitosanase-producing bacterium isolated from soil. This strain was grouped under the genus Bacillus by virtue of its morphological, physiological properties and 16S rDNA gene sequence and named it Bacillus sp. S-1. According to the information of chitosanase full-length sequences deposited in NCBI, a pair of degenerated primes was designed and a partial sequence of chitosanase gene was obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using Bacillus sp. S-1 genome DNA as the template. A genome walking library was constructed followed as the protocol provided by CLONTECH Company. The flanking sequences of the 5’ and 3’ terminal was obtained by genome walking method and two-step PCR technique. After overlapped and confirmed, the full-length sequence of chitosanase from Bacillus sp. S-1 was achieved and it contained 1362 bp coding 453 amino acids (accession number is EU924147). The predicted amino acid sequence was 96% similar to that of Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (accession number is NC_004722). The fusion protein containing BSCHITO was produced in Escherichia coli and purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The purified rBSCHITO degraded the chitosan (the degree of deacetylation of 99%) to produce mixture of chitooligosaccharides. The BSCHITO is thus an endo-chitosanase.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional quality of reconstituted milk by determining concentrations of several important proteins. Difference in protein between raw milk and reconstituted milk was determined with spectrophotometer, HPLC, fluorometry, ELISA, photon correlation spectroscopy. Total undenatured whey protein, β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, chemically available lysine, insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ), epidermal growth factor (EGF), immunoglobulin G (IgG) contents and casein micelle size were analyzed for both raw milk and reconstituted milk. Results showed that reconstituted milk had a significant decrease (P<0.01) in total undenatured whey protein, β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, chemically available lysine, IGF-Ⅰ, EGF and IgG. The decrease of casein micelle particle size confirmed that most of the whey protein denatured and associated with the casein micelle occurred in the processing of milk powder manufacture. It is concluded that reconstituted milk has a lower nutritional value than that of raw milk.

Abstract: Hyperoside is a flavonol glycoside extraction from Hawthorn (Crataegus), and it has been reported that hyperoside process anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effect in vivo. In this paper, we studied the effects of hyperoside on apoptosis, necrosis, intracellular ROS level, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and expression of Bax and Bcl-2 of endothelial cells subjected to H₂O₂,. The results showed that hyperoside treatment (50 μmol/L and 200 μmol/L ) significantly reduced apoptosis and necrosis, intracellular ROS and the expression of Bax in endothelial cell subjected to H₂O₂, and increased mitochondrial transmembrane potential and Bcl-2 expression. In conclusion, the present study indicates that hyperoside is in favor of endothelial cell protection.

Abstract: Effects of sonication at 150W and 300W power output on hydrolysis of wheat gluten using two proteinases (Protamex and papain) were evaluated in the present study. Sonication resulted in the increase in amounts of free sulphydryl (SH) of wheat gluten. Significant (P < 0.05) increase in SH contents at 300W power output was found compared with the control and those samples sonicated at 150W power output. Degree of hydrolysis (DH) and protein recovery (PR) of the wheat gluten hydrolysates increased with sonication time and power output. Significant (P < 0.05) increase in DH and PR of the wheat gluten hydrolysate from the sample sonicated by 300W power output was found compared to those sonicated by 150W output. Sonication caused the decrease in the relative percent of the large peptide fractions and increase in the relative percent of the small peptide fractions in the hydrolysates compared to the control. Structure change in insoluble wheat gluten proteins was the principal reason of improvement in their characteristics of enzymatic hydrolysis.

Abstract: Yeast extract (YE) is a sole organic nitrogen source in a commonly medium 3G for Streptomyces albulus to produce poly-ε-lysine (ε-PL). In this study, five YEs from five commercial suppliers were used to evaluate their effects on the growth of Streptomyces albulus 213 and ε-PL production. YE from bakers’ yeast with the highest total nitrogen content (TN), α-amino nitrogen content (AN) or the ratio of AN/TN produced the highest yield of ε-PL, while YE from brewers’ yeast with the highest RNA content got the most dry cell weight (DCW). However, there was little correlation between TN, AN or AN/TN in YE and the yield of ε-PL. There was also weak correlation between RNA in YE and DCW. When 60% baker YE was mixed with 40% brewer YE, the yield of ε-PL reached 1.89 g/l and increased by 16% and 37% than those of baker YE and brewer YE, respectively. Furthermore, five kinds of vitamins and nine kinds of amino acids were screened to supplement baker YE. When 6 mg/l biotin, 5mg/l pantothenic acid, 0.7 g/l L-glutamine and 0.5 g/l L-arginine were mixed with baker YE in M3G, ε-PL reached maximum production respondent to 3.05 g/l that was 61.4% higher than control.

Abstract: This paper studied improved properties for fermented products by Benzoyl peroxide. The proofing speed and whiteness is as the index, this paper studied the use effect by adding different concentration and temperature of BPO, and discussed the influence on rheological properties. Research shows:the BPO optimal adding quantities are 40mg /kg for the improvement of fermented products.It can not only improve the proofing speed and food quality of fermented products, but also be able to improve flour color. While, if the adding amount of BPO is too large, the proofing speed and whiteness of fermented products would decline.

Abstract: Possible clinical diagnosis biomarkers of diabetes were proposed using proteomics and bioinformatics methods through the preliminary study on the formaldehyde-human serum albumin crosslinkage. Using LC/MS techniques, the experiment on in vivo cross-linking reaction of formaldehyde with pure protein or plasma protein revealed that the cross-linking reaction of human serum albumin and forrmaldehyde would occur and the concentrations of some normal peptides would change. A group of significant peptides of human serum albumin were selected. As the results of in vivo cross-linking reaction, Non-enzymatic glycosylation modification of HSA were observed in diabetic. The same change of the concentrations of some peptides happened. The above-mentioned results were demonstrated with the hematoplasmas of normal people and diabetics.