Advanced Materials Research Vols. 343-344

Abstract: Peanut meal (PNM) is considered an inferior protein supplement and used as an inexpensive source of protein. In order to improve the nutritional qualities of PNM, it was fermented by Bacillus subtilis AS1. 260. The amino acids and protein concentration were investigated before and after fermentation by Bacillus subtilis AS1. 260. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was used to measure proteins molecular weight between PNM and fermented peanut meal (FPNM). The results shows that under the optimum conditions (water volume 50 ml, fermentation 40 h, autoclave period 45 min, (NH₄)₂SO₄ quantity 2.0 g), the No. 9 PFNM had the highest protein content of 55.93 %. PNM fermented by Bacillus subtilis AS1.260 can result in polypeptides of less than 24 kDa. The essential amino acids (EAA) Tyr, Val, Met, Ile, Leu and Lys increased significantly from 1.44, 1.46, 0.09, 1.22, 2.43, 0.90 to 1.51, 2.19, 0.58, 1.78, 2.84, 2.54, respectively (p<0.05). The total amino acids (AA) also increased significantly from 36.39 to 42.40 % (p<0.05). To sum up, fermentation of PNM by Bacillus subtilis AS1.260 can increased significantly the levels of protein, essential amino acids, and amino acids, furthermore, can hydrolyzes the PNM proteins into smaller peptides, which indicates that the fermented PNM can be used as a promising inexpensive source of protein supplement.

Abstract: An alkaloid compound, lappaconitine Hydrochloride, was synthesized with lappaconitine which was isolated from the root of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai in Gansu province in China. The structures were elucidated by IR, NMR, Anal. and X-ray diffraction analysis. Crystal data: C₃₂H₄₇ClN₂O₉, M_r = 639.17, space group monoclinic, P2₁; a=10.665 (7) Å, b=12.178 (7) Å and c=12.214 (7) Å; β=91.003 (10)°, Z=2, D_x = 1.338 mg/m^-3, F(000)= 684, µ=0.18.00 mm^-1, V=1586.1 (16) ų; R₁=0.038, wR₂=0.087, Flack parameter x= -0.12 (7). Ring A, B, C, D, E and F respectively present boat, chair, envelope, boat, boat and envelope forms. The absolute configuration was determined as 1S, 4S, 5S, 7S, 8S, 9S, 10S, 11S, 13R, 14S, 16S, 17 R. And the analgesic potential has been investigated in a mouse model of acute pain. The result exhibited that the analgesic effect of the compound is worse than lappaconitine hydrobromide.

Abstract: SaPIN2a, the proteinase inhibitor of nightshade (Solanum americanum), has been proposed to regulate proteolysis in phloem development. In this study, we expressed and characterized recombinant SaPIN2a in Escherichia coli. Purified recombinant SaPIN2a (rSaPIN2a) had a strong inhibitory effect on serine proteinase chymotrypsin (IC50 36.1 nmol/L), but its inhibitory activities toward trypsin (IC50 398.6 nmol/L) and especially toward subtilisin (IC50 5004 nmol/L) were low. It did not inhibit cysteine proteinase papain and aspartic proteinase cathepsin D. rSaPIN2a was a competitive inhibitor of trypsin, and a noncompetitive inhibitor of chymotrypsin and subtilisin.

Abstract: This experiment achieved a purpose that bovine colostrums IGF-1 were extracted from bovine colostrums rapidly and efficiently. Fresh bovine colostrums were heated at 40 °C for 1h and centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 20min, then they were discarded the upper fat and adjusted the pH value of skim milk at 4.2 to remove casein, the salting saturation was 35% to remove high molecular proteins. We extracted IGF-1 concentrated liquid by the ultra filtration which were 50ku and 3ku molecular weight, and the IGF-1 concentrated liquid were purified further by chromatography which was filled up weak cation exchanger (CM-SephadexC-25), the equilibrium buffer was NaCl solution （0.02 mol / L buffer, pH 7.25, the flow rate was 80cm / h）. Finally we used the HPLC and the ELISA to determine the purity and the yield of the IGF-1 concentrated liquid. The results were that the yield of the bovine colostrums IGF-1 was 71.98%, and the purity was 65.51%.

Abstract: This experimental studied the effect of the bovine colostrums IGF-I on the cultured human mammary epithelial cells line HBL-100. We selected the best optimal concentration of the bovine colostrums IGF-I on the HBL-100 and researched the cell growth curve, cell population doubling time and cell growth saturation density. Using HPLC to determine lactose content in order to reflect bovine colostrums IGF-I which would influence on the ability of lactation of cultured human mammary epithelial cells line HBL-100. The optimal IGF- I concentration was 200ng/ml, the minimum time of cell population doubling time was 13.8h, cell growth saturation density reached 8.602×10⁵/ml; High concentrations of IGF-Ⅰhad inhibit trend to the HBL-100 cells; bovine colostrums IGF-I could promote the synthesis of the lactose of the HBL-100 significantly.

Abstract: The biotransformation of progesterone by Colletotrichum lini AS3. 4486 was studied. The formation of the product was monitored by HPLC. Product was purified from broth culture supernatants by silica gel column chromatography and identified as 7β,12β-dihydoxylprogesterone with MS, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and NOE.

Abstract: A new fluoreceptor 1 was synthesized and its interactions with various amino acids have been investigated, it showed unique selective recognition and high affinity towards zwitterionic arginine in aqueous media.

Abstract: Previous studies from our laboratory have indicated that audible sound field stimulation can significantly affect E.coli growth and metabolic action, which can enhance or inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli (E.coli), and the effects of sound field on E.coli growth depended greatly on the intensity and frequency of sound field. However, very little efforts have been put forth in studying the potential mechanism of bacterial cells responses to audible sound stimulation. In this paper, the potential role of calcium signaling in mediating the response of E.coli to audible sound stimulation was firstly reported. We found that audible sound wave stimulation could evidently enhance total intracellular Ca2+ content. And the lack of calcium ion in medium significantly alleviated audible sound wave biological effects. Moreover, by adding appropriate level of calcium chloride to the LB medium contained 1.2 mM EDTA, the promotion effect of audible sound wave to E.coli growth was gradually resumed. On the basis of these findings, we speculate that calcium signaling may play an important role in mediating the response of E.coli to audible sound stimulation.

Abstract: The effects of potassium fertilizer on diurnal change of photosynthesis in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni had been studied. Diurnal changes of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and environmental and physiological traits in leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni were measured using LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system. The results showed that optimal potassium fertilizer can increased chlorophyll content and improved photosynthesis rate and decreased the chlorophyll a/b ratio. At the same time, midday depression of photosynthesis abated or disappeared.

Abstract: The study was conceived to evaluate the difference in the chemical composition as well as the difference in the antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of Taxus media and Taxus chinensis var. mairei leaves. The chemical composition of essential oils which obtained by hydrodistillation method, were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) system, and the relative amount of the chemical components of the essential oils were determined by the peak area normalization method. Remarkable differences were recorded between the percentages of a few constituents from the two essential oils. A total of 34 compounds were identified from the essential oil of Taxus media leaves, with the compounds of the dominant are Benzene propanenitrile (21.30%), 1, 4-Dioxane-2, 3-diol (20.13%), 3-Bromo-3-methyl-Butyric acid (17.92%) and 1-hydroxy-2-Butanone (9.85%). For the essential oil of Taxus chinensis var. Mairei leaves, 33 compounds were identified with the compounds of the dominant are Benzene propanenitrile (49.39%), 1-hydroxy-2-Butanone (12.72%), Acetic acid (5.39%), 1-octen-3-ol (4.28%) and (E)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-Propenoic acid, (3.53 %). The filter paper disc agar diffusion method was used to test the antimicrobial activities of the essential oils, and diameter of antibacterial zones (DD) value and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value were used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity. The result showed that the essential oil of Taxus media leaves possessed stronger antimicrobial activity than the essential oil of Taxus chinensis var. mairei leaves against the two tested bacteria.