Advanced Materials Research Vols. 573-574

Abstract: Environmental degradation and unsustainable use of water resources has become an obstacle to further economic development and the well-being of the population in the Li River basin. This paper explores the concept and principles of integrated water resources management (IWRM) in relation to their applicability to the Li River basin. The assessment on its physical and socioeconomic characteristics and its current institutional systems in the Li River Basin provides an appreciation of the whole river basin. Sectoral fragmentation and the absence of coordination mechanism (or body) are identified as the institutional factors in this study that caused water related issues. In order to overcome shortfalls of the current fragmented management system, formation of Watershed Management Committee is highly recommended as the core of reforming efforts, which is expected to coordinate effective planning and implementation of equitable, efficient and sustainable use of natural resources in the basin with a view to improving the sustainability of its economic development. Several other reform recommendations are also provided and expected to be a departure point towards better water governance in the Li River basin through the implementation of IWRM. Lastly we explore to what extent the proposed recommendations would be supported by the current national policy framework.

Abstract: The treatment of high salinity wastewater treatment in refinery has been widely noticed due to more and more stringent laws and regulations. In the paper, in order to deal with the high salinity wastewater efficiently, a MED process was performed, and mathematical modeling was established to discuss the effect of feed steam on MED dealing with high-salinity wastewater. The results indicated that the temperature of steam produced by different low-temperature heat and pressures of the steam could all affect the MED system obviously. For example, the mass of pure water increased slightly with the increase of feed steam temperature in 3 effects system. With the same pressure feed steam, more mass of pure water was produced by fewer effects system, etc. This paper would provide a very useful reference for the high-salinity wastewater reduction via MED process in petroleum refinery.

Abstract: By treating real domestic sewage which is low C/N in A/O process ，results showed that different removal rates occured under different organic loadings、internal reflux ratio (R) without external carbon source . It was demonstrated that with the improvement of organic loading, F/M improved from 0.22kg/(kgMLSS•d) to 0.28kg/(kgMLSS•d), removal rates of TN and COD were improved by 4.84% and 16.55% respectively. Because lower C/N, TN and COD removal had no obvious enhancement by elevating R from 150% to 250% with organic loading is 0.28kg/(kgMLSS•d).

Abstract: The removal of arsenic in micro-polluted water by enhanced coagulation with Poly Ferric Metasilicate (PFSS) was studied. The effects of dosage of PFSS , the dosage of oxidant and oxidize time on the removal efficiency of arsenic were discussed. Under the conditions of dosage of PFSS 0.065mmol/L, the residual concentration of arsenic in post-treated water was lower than 0.01 mg/L for raw water with initial concentration of arsenic 0.1 mg/L.

Abstract: This research studied that performances and mechanisms of phosphorus removal in three types of HSFCW: reed/gravel bed system (W1), multiple plants/gravel bed system (W2) and reed/multiple substrates bed system (W3). Spatial distribution and fractionation analysis of phosphorous in different substrates showed that the accumulated phosphorous in gravel, zeolite and steel slag were mainly in forms of Ca/Mg-P, residual-P and Fe/Al-P respectively. Biomass and phosphorus contained in plants harvested in early autumn was obviously higher than that contained in plants of late autumn, so the optimal harvest time should be late October. Among three systems, the phosphorus removal by adsorption and sedimentation of substrates accounted for 67%-76% of the total phosphorous removal and was the major channel for phosphorous removal. Removal by harvesting plants ranked second, accounting for 15%-21%. Other removal mechanisms accounted for about 10%. The research reveals that W3>W2>W1 in phosphorus removal efficiency in HSFCWs.

Abstract: China has been actively promoting the national “urban minerals” demonstration bases, which brings great opportunities to upgrade the e-waste recycling network. This paper analyzed two problems of Beijing e-waste recycling network: lack of fundamental data and inefficiency of resources utilization, revealing that informationization is the effective way to promote scientific management and high-efficient operation of the e-waste recycling network. The main content of informationization is to build an information management system, and its primary objective is to informationize business processes. According to requirement analysis, system functions are preliminarily designed. The information management system would improve operating efficiency of the recycling network, as well as act as a basic tool of supervision, and also provide a reference for the development of e-waste recycling network of Beijing and other cities of China.

Abstract: The Yellow River becomes an important field to carry out river basin ecological compensation for its ecological environment is becoming worse and worse. This essay aims to construct the ecological compensation mechanism from compensation subject and object, principle and standard, compensation type and several problems need to be solved properly by analyzing the current situation of the Yellow River basin and analyzing the necessity of ecological compensation. All the beneficiaries and polluters should provide compensation for all the victims and protectors according to river basin ecological protectors' cost, ecological beneficiaries' situation or river basin repair costs. Fairness, consultation and participation and combining government compensation with market compensation are its guiding principle. Teaching protectors or victims how to fish is much better than giving fishes to those. This essay makes a contribution to realizing sustainable development of the Yellow River basin by constructing the ecological compensation mechanism scientifically.

Abstract: The adsorption of grass carp fish scale was used to remove Ni2+ in the heavy metals wastewater. The effect of shaking time, temperature and pH value on the adsorption Ni2+ onto fish scale was investigated. The maximum biosorption was both observed at pH 6.3 on the eggshell membrane. Optimal adsorption capacity was 120.9 mg g-1 at initial concentration 100 mg L-1. Characterization of the biosorbent fish scales was performed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The mechanism for the adsorption was studied. The adsorption of Ni2+on to fish can be described by Langmuir isotherm model when the concentration of Ni2+ under 100mg•L-1.

Abstract: Emulsified oil is one of the main pollutants in condensed water. At present, the difficulties in demulsification of emulsified oil and dephenolization of petroleum ether are the main challenges in quantitative determination of emulsified oil in water by UV spectrophotometry. In this paper, second derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometry and demulsification with NaCl and ultrasonic were adopted to eliminate the disturbance of petroleum ether and avoid dephenolization process. Results show that the linear range of the standard oil is from 0 to 30mg/L, the recovery lies between 90.4%-101.6%, the relative errors are no more than 3%, the coefficient of variation are no more than 1.4%, and the repeatability standard deviation is only 0.1366. These results indicate that the emulsified oil detection method established has such advantages as high sensitivity, little interference, simple determination procedure, and accurate and reliable measuring result.

Abstract: In this study, in order to reduce the sodium formate concentration thereby reducing toxicity, the treatment of this wastewater by Fenton process was investigated. The effects of initial PH value, reaction time, concentration of FeSO4• 7H2O, and H2O2 dosage on the removal efficiency of COD were studied respectively. The experiment results show that when using Fenton oxidization pretreatment process, with pH 2.0, FeSO4•7H2O concentration 4000mg/L, H2O2(30 % ) portion 4ml/L, and reaction time 20min, COD removal efficiency was more than 50%, oxidization efficiency was good.