Advanced Materials Research Vols. 573-574

Abstract: For the quantitative calculation of the marine ecosystem service value loss caused by the oil spill, the damage assessment standards of marine ecosystem were established here based on the related knowledge of environmentology, ecology, chemistry, ecotoxicology and so on. First, the types of marine ecosystem and their service functions were classified, then the health assessment on the marine ecosystem was conducted by using Index System Method, and the marine ecosystem service function loss rate was calculated by using the sensitivity analysis method. Finally, the marine ecosystem service value loss of polluted sea area was assessed according to the average public value of different marine ecosystems, and the loss caused by the “Tasman Sea” case was calculated by applying the methods above.

Abstract: The island-type urban ecosystem is facing enormous pressures due to its special geographical location and spatial integrity. This paper uses Shanghai's ChongMing Island as an area of study and selects the Yangtze River tunnel-bridge, and the Shanghai World EXPO as driving factors for the urban ecosystem. This will be based on the time-spatial urban ecosystem carrying capacity assessment model in order to study the impact of human activities on the island-type environment. The paper will subsequently identify the limiting factors of the ChongMing urban ecosystem. The results show that the water ecosystem in ChongMing is presently in good condition. From 2004 to 2011, the traffic carrying capacity has apparently been alleviated. Much of the traffic onto the island has changed from ferry boat traffic to tunnel-bridge transportation. The tunnel-bridge carrying capacity has been gradually decompressed after the Shanghai World EXPO, and has basically met the needs of the people. Despite this, the influx of tourists in 2010 made urban environmental problems more prevalent, especially the treatment of solid waste, which is now the biggest obstacle to natural environmental protection on ChongMing Island.

Abstract: Research of the impact of tourism activities on the soil has been a focus in domestic and foreign environmental impact research. Targeted at spatial heterogeneity that domestic and foreign soil environment impact research seldom touches, this paper took Dongping Forest Park on Shanghai Chongming Island as a sample land and made Chongming Forest Tourism Festival the major driving factor. Through comparative analysis of bulk density, organic matter of soil and soil available nutrient before and after the festival, the paper adopted PCA ranking to study the spatial distribution and law of heterogeneity of soil environment evolution in Dongping Forest Park under the impact of human tourism activities, and concluded that: (1) bulk density, organic matter, available nitrogen and available phosphorus showed regular changes, but the change of available potassium was not evidently regular. (2) As for the impact strength on large spatial scale, active area＞buffer area＞background area; and from the aspect of sample land scale, the sample lands of floating bridge and stage performances in the active area were under the greatest impact from tourists, while amusement park and tea house were not so strongly affected; the flower viewing2 sample land in buffer area was more affected than the flower viewing3 sample land; the background area was the least affected. (3) Bulk density, organic matter and available nitrogen in sample lands show regular changes in spatial heterogeneity, while the change of available phosphorus and available potassium was not regular enough. The impact of tourism activities on overall spatial heterogeneity of soil showed a homogeneity tendency.

Abstract: Geological environment characteristics were analyzed from rough weather, complex geological conditions, broken rock, development taluses, and densely distributed largeand stiff slopes,through an integrated comprehensive analysis and field reconnaissance.Control measures have been proposed：Optimize the line and the rock pile reinforcement is used to handle Class II and Class IIIrock pile，According to the different sections of the appropriate raise the road elevation Or set a larger cross section of bridges and culverts, and supplemented by the appropriate flood control measures to prevent the canyon embankment floods，This paper can be used as the reference of other roads.

Abstract: Using China health and Nutrition Survey (2006) data and probit regression model, this paper examines how public living environment affect health, it also examines urban-rural differences and regional differences in China. Through analysis, it finds that living environment is a key health impact in China, and drinking water and toilet situation in rural and western China are closed related to health. The evidence will provide reliable information for health policy formulating.

Abstract: Contents of five kinds of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As) were determined from the surface and section of Shuangtaizi estuarine wetland, China, in October of 2008.The results indicated that, the average concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and As in surface soil were higher than background value, but the content of Cd exceeded the first environmental quality standard for soils, and became the main pollutant factor. The contents of Cu, Pb and As in the coastal marsh solonchak were relatively higher; while the content of Zn in the salt meadow soil was higher and Cd in the tidal shallow solonchak was high. Vertical distribution characteristics of the heavy metals in the basification meadow soil and the tidal shallow solonchak showed that, contents of the heavy metals except Cu in the tidal shallow solonchak were higher than those in the salt meadow soil; contents of Cu and Zn in the two sections and contents of Cd and As in the tidal shallow solonchak had no significant difference in the vertical distribution; the content of Pb showed a ups and downs trend as the depth increased; contents of Cd and As in the surface basification meadow soil were evidently higher than those in the other layers. Contents of heavy metals except Cd had positive correlations in different levels. The pollution level of the wetland soil was medium, with the pollution degree order of Cd>As>Cu>Zn>Pb.The heavy metals in the surface wetland soil had a low potential ecological risk for environment. The order of potential ecological risk coefficient was Cd>As>Cu>Pb>Zn.

Abstract: POSCO is the world's third-largest steelmaker which had an output of 35.4 million tones of crude steel in 2010. It currently operates two integrated steel mills in South Korea and operates a joint venture with U.S. Steel in California. As POSCO’s business expanded to overseas markets, the environmental management at the POSCO family level grows more important. Its current environmental management system incorporates environmental vision, policy, organizations and accounting system. In order to fulfill corporate responsibilities for the society and environment, POSCO establishes environmental objectives each year and put them into practice. In this paper, the POSCO environmental management methods and environment management performance were summarized. The treatment methods and recycling techniques of different metallurgical waste and resources (such as wastewater, dust, slag and sludge) were reviewed in details. At last, the author put forward some expectations for the environmental development and management of the Chinese iron and steel companies.

Abstract: The theories used in these articles include life cycle theory, Budowski’s “conflict-coexistence-conflict” theory, ecosystem and ecosystem modelling theory, sustainable development theory, etc. The aim of this paper was to examine this prior research, and to find the theories and disciplines used to explain the relationship and point out Network science and complex adaptive system open new paths to analyze the relationships between tourism types and their environmental impacts in coastal areas, and help tourism research transition towards a less undisciplined array of theories and models.

Abstract: Tourism industry has been put within potentially fragile environment such as coral reefs, mangroves, and polar areas, and has become one of the major factors shaping landscape and sea in coastal zones. In order to improve the sustainable development of coastal tourism, there is a need to focus on the negative effect of tourism on environment in coastal zone. The aim of this paper is to examine this prior researches related to this topic. The study revealed that the environmental impacts caused by tourism can be seemed as a complex system including diverse internal and external interacted factors, and the relationships between coastal tourism and environment adapts over time in different stages of coastal destination development.

Abstract: This article reviewed Chinese research literature on ecotourism in terms of the development background of China’s eco-tourism, document analysis of eco-tourism research, and research contents. According to the literature review and analysis, the research content in China focus on the concept of eco-tourism, ecotourism development & feasibility research, and the negative effect of tourism for the ecological environment. Moreover, China lacks a credible ecotourism accreditation scheme and the use of the term ecotourism is not legislated.