Advanced Materials Research Vols. 113-116

Abstract: Blind source separation via independent component analysis (ICA) has received increasing attention because of its potential application in signal processing system. The existing ICA methods can not give a consistent estimator of the mixing matrix because of additive noise. Based on interpretation and properties of the vectorial spaces of sources and mixtures, a new ICA method is presented in this paper that may constructively reject noise so as to estimate the mixing matrix consistently. This procedure may capture the underlying source dynamics effectively even if additive noise exists. The simulation results show that this method has high stability and reliability in the process of revealing the undering group structure of extracted ICA components.

Abstract: The outside flow field characteristics influence the property of microorganism attachment, the multi-phase flow model is used to analyze the outside flow field characteristics, the results show: (1) Through numerical simulation, lots of physical quantities are obtained, these data help us to structural design and directional control of biological carrier. (2) microorganism attachment and growth on the biological carriers is easy in the horizontal position and little gas-water ratio.

Abstract: The catalytic ozonation which treated nitrobenzene in extracted groundwater with high concentration was studied.The experiment showed that the optimization of catalysts was that the manganese nitrate and iron nitrate were dissolved to dip the activated alumina in 10 percent of mass concentration, the ratio of manganese to iron was 2:1, the calcination temperature was 450°C with six hours. The catalyst was characterized by SEM-EDS too; Adsorption of catalyst, air stripping, increasing concentration, temperature and pH all had effect on this reaction system. When pH was 9,temperature was 25 °C and catalyst dosage was 30g/L, the removal rate of nitrobenzene could reach 68.8%.

Abstract: The microbial fuel cell (MFC) constructed by a modified Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) which was used as acidification-phase of two-phase anaerobic digestion system. The experiment was operated as batch mode at mesophilic condition (35°C) to evaluate continue voltage output using cattle dung as substrate in hydrolysis-acidification process. The results illustrated that electricity generation increased noticeably to 300mV after 3 days operation, reached 430mV after 20 days and stabilized electricity generation from 420mV to 470mV in the following 70 days. The pH decreased from 7.15 to 6.65 after 15 days operation and maintained stability from 6.4 to 6.8. The main components of VFA in anode chamber were acetic, propionic and butiric acids. The dominating VFA was acetic acid that predominated untile day 50 and the maximum propionic acid concentration was 15% of total VFA.

Abstract: Non-point pollution (NPP) has become a major issue of environmental degradation in China. Uncertainty, moral hazard, and incomplete knowledge of NPPP make conventional policy instruments applied to point source pollution problems difficult addressing NPP problems. NPP regulatory policies should be designed to induce agricultural producers to change their production practices in ways that improve the environmental. The economic literature on NPP has not considered the possible use of both voluntary and mandatory approaches as complementary parts of a policy package. Factors influencing farmers’ cooperative action to conserve environmental public goods are critical in regulatory policy formation in transitional China with huge amount of small subsistence farmers. Under a changed political environment, a joint effort between government and farmers is the approach most favored to address NPP issues, under which relationships between environmental outcomes and agricultural production must be accounted for.

Abstract: Confronting with the dual task of developing the economy and protecting the environment, China has made environmental protection one of its basic national policies. In the absence of well-defined property rights, disputes over water use have become more frequent, options for the procurement of environmental water rights in China is a pending issue in the process of sustainable development. Due to the public characteristics of environmental goods, the operation of a simple market or the control by government may not allocate water resources efficiently, the government should play a role via public and private programs enhance the environment through the direct acquisition of environment amenities. The estimation of values for preserving environmental assets is more challenging.

Abstract: The optimum preparation conditions of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) immobilized activated sludge are investigated, the results show that the concentration of the entrapping agents PVA is 10%(W/V), the mass ration of the activated sludge and entrapping agents is 1∶1(W/V) and the crosslinking time is 24 h. Pelletability and mass transfer property of immobilized activated sludge are improved by adding 1% sodium alginate (SA) into entrapping agents, the intensity of immobilized activated sludge and COD removal rate of oil wastewater can be increased simultaneously by using inorganic composited carrier material.

Abstract: F2 is one of two compound bioflocculant producing strains with good genetic stability and high flocculating activity. The core sequence of exoL was amplified from the F2 genome by the method of polymerase chain reaction, identifying that the effective polysaccharide component of bioflocculant produced by F2 was succinoglycan. The changes of protein complexes of F2 grown in minimal media versus bioflocculant media were researched by SDS-PAGE, indicating that in bioflocculant media compared with minimal media, the relative content of two protein complexes were obviously increased and the relative content of one protein complexes was obviously decreased in gels. It was three differentially expressed protein complexes that can probably induce the production of large amount of the effective polysaccharide component of bioflocculant produced by F2. The research can provide a step to reveal the molecular flocculating mechanisms of compound bioflocculant producing strains.

Abstract: Anaerobic process of biohydrogen production was developed recently. The isolation and identification of high efficient biohydrogen production anaerobic bacteria is the important foundation of fermented biohydrogen production process by anaerobic digesting organic wastewater. Considering with the physiological and biochemical traits, morphological characteristics and 16SrDNA sequence, the isolate Rennanqilyf12 is a new species and possibly member of a new genus. The temporary nomenclature of the genus is Biohydrogenbacterium and the temporary nomenclature of the specie is Biohydrogenbacterium nanqiyongfengii sp.nov.

Abstract: For a long time, these are deeply entrenched in people’s thinking and the institutions or policies of economic activities that the resources are unlimited and the environment exists priceless. Environmentally augmented household livelihood assets were collected from 300 sample households within the HeiHe River Basin. Results show that physical assets possess a maximum value (0.609) and natural assets possess relatively low values (0.241). The human capital, natural capital, physical capital, financial capital and social capital are all important factors to influence the responses. An increment of one unit should reduce the occurrence to participate in ecological compensation for natural capital. Therefore, the local governments should actively introduce the relevant supporting measures in order to provide more non-agricultural employment opportunities for farmers.