Advanced Materials Research Vols. 183-185

Abstract: A novel biomass cardanol sulfonate surfactant was synthesized using cardanol and oleum as raw materials, dichloromethane as solvent. The IR characterization result has proved the occurrence of sulfonation on the benzene ring of cardanol which has given a product of cardanol sulfonate. The evaluation on the surface activity of the product has shown that the values of the surface tension and critical micelle concentration (cmc) were 38.41 mN/m and 3.37 g/L, respectively. Interfacial tension of cardanol sulfonate aqueous was measured by spinning droplet method, the results showed that the value of interfacial tension reached 8.6×10^-2 mN/m when the salt content was 1%, when the alkali content was 1.2%, the value reached 1.4×10^-2 mN/m.

Abstract: To improve the mechanical product hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, Fe-SiC composite plating process and properties have been studied. By using self-made asymmetric AC - DC power supply and adding SiC in ferrous chloride bath, the high performance Fe-SiC composite coatings are prepared by electrodeposition method. The effect of Phase, composition and SiC particle content on the surface morphology, structure, hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of Fe-SiC composite coatings are studied. The process parameters of Fe-SiC composite plating are optimized. The results show that the micro-cracks in composite coatings will reduced and the hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance will increased by adding SiC particles under the condition of optimum process.

Abstract: Experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of ambient mercury (Hg²⁺) on gill Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase, Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase activities, and gill microstructure of juvenile Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Crabs were exposed to ambient 0.00, 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.30 mg/l Hg²⁺, and sampled on the days of 1, 7, 14 and 30 respectively. The results showed that both ambient Hg²⁺ concentrations and exposure time had significant effects on both gill Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase activities of E. sinensis, which showed the tendency to decrease with ambient mercury concentration increasing and exposure time prolonging. While for crabs exposed to 0.01 mg/l Hg²⁺, no significant difference was observed when compared with the control. Significant interaction between ambient Hg²⁺ and exposure time on these two ATPases activities was also observed with the lowest values found in crabs exposed to 0.30 mg/l Hg²⁺ for 30 days. The anterior gill microstructure analysis of E. sinensis exposed to different ambient Hg²⁺ for 30 days showed that mercury could alter the gill microstructures of E. sinensis. However, there was no significantly structure change appeared in crabs exposed to 0.01 mg/l Hg²⁺. Combined, these results indicated that though ambient Hg²⁺ could lead to significant decrease of both gill Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase activities, and could destroy the gill microstructures, the crab of E. sinensis could acclimate to low Hg²⁺ contamination less than 0.01mg/l.

Abstract: The electrode material has the very important influence to the microbial fuel cell. The different electrode materials were studied for producing the electricity performance to MFC by the activated sludge as the substrate. The results indicated that the anode of graphite pole was 0.63 mW/cm² of the area power density. The carbon paper was 60 (0.50mW/cm²). Carbon paper 90 was 0.23mW/cm². Although having the biggest area power density, the general trend of the graphite pole is much lower than others and production of the electricity was not good. Even though the maximum of area power density of graphite pole, it might be the reason for increasing nutritive compound and elevation of temperature. The carbon paper 90 produce the area power density is the steadiest among three poles and its output voltage is a quite stable and low. MFC is excellent under carbon paper 90. The area power density had strong fluctuating scope, the power density is big and the overall value is high under carbon paper 60.

Abstract: Preparation of LiCoO₂ cathode materials from spent lithium ion batteries are presented. The processes contain reduction, separation, precipitation, regeneration. The optimum conditions of recovery are: the calcination temperature is 500°C, the volume rate of sulfuric acid and the water reaches 0.375, the hightest leach-ing rate of cobalt is 43.53%. According to the solubility of oxalate, ammonium oxalate is choiced as precipitation agent. The investigation of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), charge-discharge testes at voltage ranges rate from 2.8V to 4.2V versus Li , 0.2 C rate are performed. The results reveal that the regenerative LiCoO₂ is pure phase, initial discharge capacity is 128.63 mAh•g^-1, after 50 cycles the discharge capacity is 118.61 mAh•g^-1, capacity retention rate is 92.21%. The regenerative LiCoO₂ exhibits excellent electrochemical performance and stability. The materials may find promising applications in lithium ion batteries.

Abstract: Washed kaolin produced in Maoming, Guangzhou was used as the raw material and NaOH and NaAlO₂ were used as the modifiers to prepare a high-performance deaminating material by providing kaolin with sodium-type exchange groups through modification and calcination. Then the ammonia ion exchange capacity of this material was studied by means of Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) determination. Research has also been done on the conditions for the preparation of this material, the factors that influence the result of the removal of ammonia nitrogen from water by this material, and the ammonia nitrogen removal rate of this material. In this study , an extruding-rounding process to make the powder material into 1-2mm grains and studied the forming process of the grains. Research results show that: The ammonia exchange capacity of the prepared material was greater than 70 mg NH₄⁺-N/g. Laboratory static ammonia nitrogen experiment showed that the high-performance ammonia deaminating material could remove 90% of the ammonia nitrogen from water and were qualified for the removal of ammonia nitrogen in water treatment processes. Through the establishment of Pseudo-first reaction kinetic model and Pseudo-second reaction kinetic model of modified of kaolin absorption on NH₄⁺, we can see that the adsorption of ammonia nitrogen in water by this ammonium ion-exchange material matches the pseudo-second-order reaction.

Abstract: In this paper we prepared electroless Ni-plated wood veneers using two Pa activation methods. One is the traditional Pa colloid activation and the other uses Pa²⁺ ions. SEM-EDS results indicated that the coatings were continuous, uniform and compact with a P content of lower than 4 wt.%. XRD analysis showed that the coatings were crystalline, which was related to the low P content. The plated wood veneers exhibit good electro-conductivity with surface resistivity of lower than 0.3 Ω cm^-2 and higher electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of over 60 dB in frequencies from 10 MHz to 1.5 GHz.

Abstract: Oxidation extraction of thiophene from simulated oil by using K₂FeO₄ as oxidant and methanol as extractant has been investigated. The effects of different catalyst, oxidant amount, catalyst amount, reaction temperature, reaction time, and extraction conditions were studied. This process is capable of decreasing the sulfur content of simulated oil from 100 mg•L^-1 to 17.8 mg•L^-1 at the optimal conditions. The results indicate that such a process could be an alternative to common hydrodesulfurization for deep desulfurization.

Abstract: A series of paraffin /poly (methyl methacrylate) blends were prepared as new kinds of form-stable phase change materials by encapsulation of paraffin into PMMA. The blends were prepared at different mass fractions of paraffin. The form-stable paraffin /PMMA blends were characterized using optic microscopy (OM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Thermal characteristics were measured by using thermo gravimetric analysis （TGA） and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. On the basis of all results, it was concluded that paraffin is encapsulated by PMMA. The blends have good thermal properties and degrade in two distinguishable steps. They have good energy storage capacity and melt at 58-60 °C.The blends have different degrees of hydrophobic. These form-stable paraffin /PMMA blends have important potential for some practical latent heat thermal energy storage applications.

Abstract: Based on the notion of environment-friendly design, low-carbon production and sustainable economic development, this paper developed the dip aluminizing corrugated board furniture technology with the application of vacuum magnetron sputtering dip aluminizing. Hence it got the green material for corrugated board furniture and made it possible to produce the novel and amazing furniture to satisfy the great economic and social requirements. As the shortage of timber resources, all countries attach great importance to rational use of limited resources for furniture design and manufacturing. Corrugated board furniture have formed a new trend because it has the following features, replaced paper, green, raw materials economy, easy to process, product utility and so on. The dip aluminizing corrugated board furniture embodies green furniture ideas; has become a useful exploration of innovation and improvement, and actively promoting the development of furniture design and manufacture of green design.