Advanced Materials Research Vols. 183-185

Abstract: The paper qualitatively and quantitatively analyzes a multi-state water supply subsystem in one fire protection system using stated analysis technique of GO Methodology. All states and probabilities of components are obtained, as well as minimal cut sets and the probabilities of them under failure states. The results prove to be effective for analyzing reliability of repairable systems with the stated analysis technique of GO methodology.

Abstract: The combustibility of four conifer-tree species in Xiaoxing’an Mountain, Heilongjiang Province was studied by cone calorimetric analysis. The four species were Pinus koraiensis Sieb.et Zucc、Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica Litv、Picea koraiensis Nakai、Larix gmelinii Rupr.. The thermal characteristics of leaves and barks, including smoke production rate(SPR)、specific extinction area(SEA)、the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2)、the production of carbon dioxide ( PCO2 )、the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO)、the production of carbon dioxide ( PCO )were tested and recorded simultaneously.Th results showed that ,at a heat reflux of 50 kW•m-2, the values of SPR , SEA , the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and the production of carbon dioxide (PCO) of Larix gmelinii Rupr. t had strong smoke inhibiting effect. Both Larix gmelinii Rupr. and Pinus koraiensis Sieb.et Zucc had strong smoke inhibiting effect, and Larix gmelinii Rupr. and Pinus koraiensis Sieb.et Zucc was most recommended as fire resistance species for fire-preventing forest belts.

Abstract: Three-year old Tilia amerensis Rupr. was taken as study subject in a pot experiment. Chlorophyll content, REC, peroxidase activity, SOD activity, and other indices of Tilia amerensis Rupr. leaves were assayed. The experimental results show that Pb contaminated and destroyed the chloroplast structure of Tilia amerensis Rupr. leaves and impeded the synthesis of chlorophyll in the leaves. When Pb concentration was 10 mg•kg^-1–100 mg•kg^-1, REC of the Tilia extract was roughly equal to that of the control group, and Tilia amerensis Rupr. leaves were contaminated by Pb to a small degree. When Pb concentration reached a higher level, REC increased rapidly and Tilia amerensis Rupr. leaves were contaminated substantially. Low Pb concentration may lower the POD activity of the leaves. However, when Pb concentration was high, the POD activity elevated and Tilia amerensis Rupr. could exhibit various reactions to instinctively defend itself. The SOD activity of the Pb-contaminated Tilia amerensis Rupr. was slightly higher than that of the control group, and the ROS content remained low. The SOD enzyme system was undamaged.

Abstract: The effects of molybdenum (Ⅵ) on the denitrification efficiency of activated sludge process were investigated with batch tests. The results indicated that up to 5 mg/L of Molybdenum (Ⅵ) concentrations in the liquor of activated sludge process could accelerate the nitrate removal rate, exhibiting maximum stimulation at 1 mg/L. Up to 4 mg/L of Molybdenum (Ⅵ) concentrations, the COD removal efficiency was enhanced. Up to 1mg/L of Molybdenum (Ⅵ) concentrations, the TTC-DHA was enhanced but higher concentration showed inhibitory effects. Based on the integrated effects of Molybdenum (Ⅵ) on nitrate and COD removal with the TTC-DHA change, 1mg/L of Molybdenum (Ⅵ) is proposed as the best concentration for denitrification of activated sludge.

Abstract: An improved two – phase contact oxidation adsorption integrated bioreactor (CABR) was used to treat mixed wastewater from copper mine. The CABR was made up of a biofilm reactor and an activated carbon reactor. Polyacrylonitrile balls (20 mm diameter, 260 m²/m³ specific surface, 90% porosity) were filled into the contact oxidation reactor as biofilm attaching materials. Hydraulic residence times (HRT) of the two contact oxidation reactor were 1.5 hr and 1.2 hr, separately. Relevant ratio of aeration and water of the two contact oxidation were 5:1 and 3:1. From the long-term operation, the average removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) were 84.1% and 71.3% respectively. Two – phase contact oxidation can achieve the higher removal efficiency and the lower power consumption. Additionally, the activated carbon reactor can significantly remove heavy metal.

Abstract: Campus, sidewalk, business-street and viaduct's surface runoff in Beijing city were selected to carry on the sampling and examination, through several field rainfall contrastively analysis found that: COD, SS and the TP of the viaduct initial period runoff is obviously higher than other functional districts, and the TN of the campus is highest. Although the runoff water quality is difference in different functional districts, the concentration first flush phenomenon is all very obvious. Various functional districts have the obvious mass first flush phenomenon. When we control 20% of the initial stormwater runoff, it is possible to control 40%-60% of the pollutant total quantity.

Abstract: To develop the identification of species for fermentative biohydrogen-producing bacterium, scholars have found a method which is based on PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene (rDNA)-23S rDNA intergenic regions. In the study, a large fragment of the rDNA operon, including the 16S rDNA, the intergenic spacer region (ISR) and approximately 2000 bases of the 23S rDNA, were polymerasechain reaction (PCR) amplified. The PCR amplification of the genomic DNA of Leptonema ilk strain 3055 using primers directed against conserved regions of the rRNA operon provided evidence that the 16S and 23S rRNA genes were linked via an intergenic spacer region. The sequencing of the intergenic spacer region indicated that it was 435 nucleotides in length and sequence similarity searches revealed that it bore no homology to any known sequences including tRNA available in databases.

Abstract: With the booming construction of sewage treatment plants aiming at environmental protection, China has to face an emerging urgent task to address the sludge treatment and disposal problem. However there is a big controversy in China about the sludge treatment and disposal strategies. Some scientists suggest incinerating, while others insist on landfilling. In this paper, from the perspective of sustainable development and cyclic economy, a detailed analysis of nutrients cycle mainly related to nitrogen and phosphate before and after industrialization was made and a view that sludge should go back to soils to re-establish a sound nutrients cycle was put forward. Then the feasibility for sludge recycle to soils was discussed and some land application methods for sludge were introduced. At last, a successful case of producing compounded fertilizer from dewatered sludge in Northeast China was described in detail.

Abstract: The drawbacks of traditional chemical degumming for raw ramie are long process line, huge energy consumption, with large environment pollution, and low efficiency. Therefore, an attempt has been made to carry out degumming of ramie with an eco-friendly chemical namely, peracetic acid and sodium percarbonate in this communication. Compared with the traditional chemical degumming process, the oxidation degumming process with the characteristics of environment-friendly production technology is short process, less pollution, low energy consumption and high production efficiency and so on. Meanwhile, the hydrolysis products of peracetic acid and sodium percarbonate do a little harm to the environment. Tenacity, fineness, and breaking elongation of degummed samples were determined by standard methods. The results were confirmed through COD, pH, colority, SEM, tensile properties etc. The performance of peracetic acid degumming and sodium percarbonate degumming were also compared with conventional chemical degummed fiber. In addition, the COD, pH value, colority of degumming solution is greatly reduced using oxidation degumming process, environmental pollution and sewage treatment costs are significantly reduced.

Abstract: Atmospheric turbulence and atmospheric diffusion on atmospheric environment impact assessment have influence on the job. Only use existing theoretical model to the actual situation and formulation. Therefore, the prediction practical results were biggish error. Starting from the model, this paper discusses related by complex pollutant in topographic influence, atmospheric diffusion regularity in. Through the contrast analysis of 1993 technical guideline and 2008 edition of atmospheric air, in technical guideline for atmospheric diffusion parameters, stability, principle and model, building under complicated topography and the processing, 2008 edition of atmospheric technical guideline of 1993 than the technical guideline for air superiority, advanced. While the future of atmospheric environmental impact assessment work will play a positive role in promoting.