Advanced Materials Research Vols. 183-185

Abstract: Termitomyces albuminosus is one of the famous wild edible fungi in south part of China. The fruit body is delicious, rich in nutrition, and so, it has high exploitable potential. However, due to the mycelia of Termitomyces albuminosus must grow at termitarium, it can not be cultivated artificially. In this paper, we mainly focus on isolation of Termitomyces albuminosus pure culture, and studying on its biological properties, and found out the optimal carbon source, nitrogen source, growth factors and the C/N ratio that was suitable for the growth of mycelium of Termitomyces albuminosus.

Abstract: The thermoplastic graft copolymers of chitosan oligosaccharide (PHCSO-g-PCL) were successfully synthesized via ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (CL) through an amino group protection route using phthaloyl chitosan oligosaccharide (PHCSO) as intermediate. The graft reaction was carried out in Pyridine at 120 °C with a chitosan oligosaccharide (CSO) initiator and a tin 2-ethylhexanoate (Sn (Oct)₂) catalyst. The prepared copolymer was characterized by FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). DSC analysis of PHCSO-g-PCL showed higher melting point at 54.8 °C than linear PCL. The TGA analysis showed that PHCSO-g-PCL was more thermal stable than original CSO. The banded spherulite structure of PHCSO-g-PCL and the growth of spherulite were observed by polarized optical microscope (POM); this was further proven by WAXD results.

Abstract: Geochemical elements, significant indicator of environmental change，have been widely used in paleoenvironment research. By comparative analysizing of sediment’s geochemical characterstics of core PJ and core ZX-1, almost opposite relations was found between them. In Holocene, there are repeated transgression-regression cycles and the deposition profile of core PJ was in the critical zone of transgression-regression. When climate was warm and humid, sea-level rose, the sedimentary environmental salinity increased and ability of element eluviate-leaching were weak, geochemical elements can not be effectively separated. On the contrary, when climate was dry and cold, sea-level became lower, the role of the element eluviate-leaching was enhanced, and different geochemical elements can be effective separated. This mechanism enables that indicators significance of core PJ’s geochemistry element changing is the opposite direction to other regions.

Abstract: This study aimed to explore different indoor woodiness microenvironment for the growth of female rats, especially investigate the harmful levels of formaldehyde and benzene to female rats .The rats were divided into six groups, raised in six different microenvironments, including Korean pine box painted with Alkyd varnish, Korean pine box without Alkyd varnish, ordinary particleboard box, surface decorated particleboard box, particleboard box besmeared with formaldehyde and plastic box, then food consumption, water consumption and weight were measured, behavioral activity of rats were observed and recorded in the 28-day feeding cycle. The results showed that: Rats could not grow normally in the particleboard box besmeared with formaldehyde, Korean pine box without Alkyd varnish could play a positive role for the rats growth. There was less adverse effects on fats in surface decorated wood material microenvironment.

Abstract: Modified anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic (A²O) technology for dye wastewater was studied. The effects of Hydraulic retention times (HRT), sludge retention time (SRT) and carbon source on treatment efficiency were discussed. Scanning electron microscopes (SEM) for different sludge and UV-visible spectrum analysis for influent and effluent were investigated respectively. The results showed that when COD of influent was 600~1200 mg/L and the dye concentration was 20~40 mg/L, HRT had the obvious effect on treatment efficiency of modified A²O system. Total treatment efficiency of the improved system was more than 90% at the optimal HRT (29 h). The dye structure was demonstrated to be changed during the process. Finally, the dye and its intermediates were transformed and mineralized respectively.

Abstract: This essay has applied 6 kinds of different materials, studied the impact of white mice’s growth and their organ development in the feeding boxes which are made of 6 kinds of different materials, such as red-pine plain board, red-pine painted board, veneer particle board, ordinary particle board, formaldehyde painted particle board, and plastic. Discover the indoor microenvironment to be fit for the growth of white mice through dissection, determination and comparative analysis of organ weights. The result indicates that white mice are living in the feeding box made of red-pine plain board whose cardiac index is the highest, the index is in the middle for the one living in the veneer particle board and plastic feeding box, the index is lower for the one living in the red-pine box with painted alkyd varnish and ordinary particle board, and the lowest one is living in the particle board box brushed with formaldehyde; The measured value of white mice’s lungs is highest in the red-pine box. It takes second place in the veneer particle board box, others are in the middle, and the lowest one is in the box brushed with formaldehyde; white mice’s liver index is highest in the red-pine box with painted alkyd varnish, it takes second place in red-pine box without painting, and it is the lowest in the ordinary particle board box and particle board box brushed with formaldehyde; white mice’s thymus index is the highest in the plastic box, it is relatively higher in red-pine box and the red-pine box painted with alkyd varnish, and it is the lowest in the particle board box brushed with formaldehyde; white mice’s kidney index (two kidneys) is the highest in the red-pine box with painted alkyd varnish, and it is the lowest in the particle board box brushed with formaldehyde. This shows that wooden environment has the positive effect on feeding white mice. Rooms in homes are the major place for Man’s living and working. Human beings could spend 2/3 of the whole life in the indoor environment. Along with the social progress, economic development, enhanced living standard, and constantly pursuing the quality of life, people are more and more concerned with the structure of living and working space. Rooms are not merely a shelter from the storm, and the more important is to provide a better working and learning environment as well as a comfortable rest place. Therefore, the quality of the indoor environment is influencing Man’s work and study directly. It concerns Man’s survival and health. Research of the relationships between indoor environment and Man’s survival and health, especially studying the impacts of indoor environment on health of growth and breeding, is increasingly becoming a topic not to be ignored [1].

Abstract: Pennsylvanian phylloid algal reefs are widespread and well exposed in south Guizhou, China. Dense networks of closely living phylloid algae induced community restriction on seafloor and organisms seldom survived in such environment. Algal reefs in Guizhou differ from examples reported to date by high biodiversity. This contrasts to the “poisoning hypothesis” and chemical defense was not pronounced. Phylloid algae were able to thrive over a large depth range. Delicate framework formed by upright blades often occurred in calm deepen waters. Blades became larger and fleshy in moderately agitated environment and formed isolated, wide, cup-shaped framework. Large blade size could capture much more sunlight to improve rate of growth and calcification. But successive progressively shallower water may have arrested phylloid algae growth. Thinner, small blades grew closely packed and juxtaposed near and above one another in a wave-dominant environment, producing dense framework clusters to prevent wave destruction.

Abstract: Described is a solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometric procedure for the determination of galaxolide (HHCB) in water solution samples. In which 100 μm PDMS coated fiber were used. From the optimization experiments of SPME, we found the direct sampling is necessary. The extraction time and temperature were 40min and 35°C, respectively. the salinity of the solution almost has no effect on the extraction efficiency and pH=7.0 was suitable for the extraction of HHCB. The method were applied to the urban sewage and river water respectively and found the content of HHCB in the urban sewage is 286ng/L, while those in river water below limit of quantification.

Abstract: In order to efficient treatment swine wastewater of chemical oxygen demand(COD) of high concentration, ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) of high concentration and high suspended solids (SS) , Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB) were fed with piggery wastewater and investigated removal effect of COD, SS, NH₄⁺-N, TP. The results showed that, UASB can effectively remove COD and SS in the pig farm wastewater. The corresponding removal rate was respectively 82.36% and 70%. UASB was poor on removal effect of NH₄⁺-N and total phosphate (TP), due to the lack of anaerobic, anoxic environment. UASB is able to treatment COD and SS of piggery wastewater, but TN and TP removal efficiency need to further study.

Abstract: The paper not only reviews the progress of engineering and application on bio-hydrogen production, but also discusses characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of biological hydrogen production systems. Meanwhile, it mainly analyzes anaerobic fermentative bio-hydrogen production systems’ technological schemes, design strategies, engineering control parameters, fermentation control, fuel cell, technical means to increase hydrogen evolution and its rate. Under the guidance of the theory of ethanol-type fermentation, the fermentative bio-hydrogen production systems have been established in practice.