Advanced Materials Research Vols. 183-185

Abstract: Sludge reduction by electrolysis and its subsequent influence on removal rate of COD, NH₃-N, PO₄^3- and on the sludge activity in the aeration tank were investigated. In this research, two parallel sequencing batch reactors were used with one set was operated in convention modality and the sludge of the other set was electrolyzed and then fed back to the reactor. The results showed that: sludge electrolyze could reduce the sludge production around 21% and had slight effect on substrate removal efficiency. After the sludge being electrolyzed, removal rate of COD and NH₃-N decreased by 1.1% and 6.9%, respectively. PO₄^3- removal rate increased by 6.1%. The number of protozoa, metazoan and protonema decreased and the structure of sludge floc became more compact. Moreover, the activity of microorganism and carbon source metabolism of sludge changed slightly, but the microbial community structure and metabolic function of microorganism had little change.

Abstract: The biodegradation of mixed cultures was analyzed. The paper studied the effects of treat condition (static and shaking), concentration of dye, activities of oxidative enzymes (LiP, laccase and Manganese Peroxidase) and the bioaugmentation effects of the activated sludge system. The results showed that mixed cultures were able to degrade Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B and Direct Blue-6 (100 mg/L) completely within 32 h in shaking condition. As the initial concentration of Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B increased from 100mg/L to 900mg/L, the decolorization rate still maintain a high level only decreased from 99.3% to 83.5%. Induction in the activity of oxidative enzymes (LiP, laccase and Manganese Peroxidase) represented their role in degradation. In augmented experiments, it showed that in the control SBR system with the CODCr of the effluent was in three average levels 848, 1228, and 1550 mg/L, the CODCr degradation rates were 42.3%, 32.8% and 19.7%. In the augmented system treated with the same effluent, the degradation rates of augmented system were 86.5%, 71.8% and 59.8% respectively. It showed that the activated sludge was augmented by the mixed cultures which made the system to be more stable and improve impact resistance.

Abstract: Study on Macroporous resin purified glutathione of corn germ , determine the best conditions for separation and purification as follows: glutathione and resin volume ratio 4:1, flow rate 1 mL / min ,adsorption time 50 min, elution and resin volume ratio of 4:1, analysis time 120 min, recovery rate of glutathione78.95 %.

Abstract: Reaumuria soongorica is the main dominant and constructive species of the desert shrub vegetation in the northwestern of China. The informations about changes in soil quality and vegetation structure togethor are available, which can provide valuable insights into the development of sustainable ecological systems that optimize production and maintain high environmental quality, but the variety of the plant community structure associate with dynamics of soil nutrient and microbial biomass are little known. In this study, five coverage levels of R. soongorica community were determined, while soil nutrients and microbial biomass were investigated. The results showed that the trends of plant species diversity (species richness) are ‘humped-back model’, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), soil microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN) slightly increased with plant cover but not with plant species richness. MBC and MBN were positively correlated with SOC and TN (P<0.05), and plant cover showed positively correlated with soil nutrients and soil microbial biomass. It was concluded that vegetation restoration improved soil nutrient status and indirectly affected soil microbial biomass. However, the unilateral increase of vegetation cover will have less effect to soil quality.

Abstract: The function mechanism of water-washing waste saccharomyces cerevisiae and cadmium in electroplating wastewater was studied by desorption by washing experiment，chemiscal modification experiment and XPS analysis of water-washing saccharomyces cerevisiae pre-adsorbing and post-adsorbing cadmium. The desorption by washing experiment result show that chemiscal adsorption is the main adsorption form; phsicalffunt chemiscal modification experiment result show –NH2 –COOH was important groups of water-washing saccharomyces cerevisiae effecting on cadmium, XPS analysis result show that effect on water-washing saccharomyces cerevisiae and cadmiun was not only on the surface but also in the cells.

Abstract: The characteristics of the mixture of recycled asphalt pavements with emulsified asphalt and cement, as the pavement material, was investigated in this research. Kantabro Loss test was used to evaluate initial performance of the recycling mixture and to propose appropriate parameter. Rutting test, split test and low-temperature bending test were carried out to evaluate the long-term performance. The performance of the mixture at low temperature was one of the most important factors to be considered to ensure its application in cold areas. The results showed that the performance of the mixture was effect by old mixes milled. The proposed application conditions of the recycled mixture were also discussed in this paper.

Abstract: In plants, phenyalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) has been related to defense mechanisms against insect feeding and wounding, and its role was investigated in poplar (Populus simonii × P. nigra) regarding induction by third-instar Lymantria dispar larvae feeding and punching mechanical wounding. The activity and mRNA expression level of PAL was evaluated during time courses in relation to L. dispar feeding and mechanical wounding. The constitutive levels of PAL activity in healthy poplar showed no significant differences during 72 h. L. dispar feeding and mechanical wounding caused different responses of protein and transcript levels of PAL. PAL was obviously induced by L. dispar feeding during a 24-72 h period. For mechanical wounding, activity and mRNA expression level of PAL were not significant induced but were mostly inhibited. The results suggested PAL gene may be significantly related to poplar defense against L. dispar attack.

Abstract: In this paper, we focus on the fate of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) in source-separated urine. Fresh mixed urine of pH 6.7 was diluted with different factors and stored openly and closed respectively. With pH increasing concentration of total phosphate (TP), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen(NH₃-N) and dissolved phosphate(PO₄^3-) were measured to understand the fate of N and P in urine. Because of volatilization and precipitation, concentration of NH₄⁺-N and PO₄^3- in the urine stored closed was higher than them of stored openly with the equal dilution. Under same storing conditions, the higher dilution factor, the higher concentration of NH₄⁺-N. When stored openly the pH of the samples increasing due to urea-hydrolysis resulted in precipitation which consumed N and P, and could be promoted by dilution with tap water containing hardness ions. Because of a few of hardness ions in the urine and tap water, the amount of precipitations containing calcium, magnesium, N and P in the urine sludge of every sample were not high enough to be detected by XRD. Although more flushing water would caused more precipitation, which is also helpful for nutrient recycling, using of large deal of tap water is not economic and environmentally friendly.

Abstract: An experiment was conducted on a vegetable planting base in Damintun Town, Xinmin City, Liaoning Province to study the influence of different organic manure rate on nitrate distribution in vertical profile in a greenhouse soil over three continuous crop cultivations of cucumbers, beans and lettuces. The soil was treated with organic manure at five treatments. The results showed that the distribution characteristic was closely related with organic manure rate in the process of plant growth. After harvest of the cucumber and lettuce soil nitrate content of all layers was higher than before planting and the accumulation of nitrate was increased with the application rate of organic manure. When applied into the low amount of organic fertilizer (M1 and M2), no significant phenomenon of nitrate accumulation and leaching occurred. High amount of organic manure rate (M4) increased significantly (P<0.05), especially in 0~40cm soil layer. In the lower layer (60~120cm) of soil different degrees of nitrate leaching took place. The vertical distribution of nitrate before planting and harvest of beans showed that catch crops can effectively reduce the accumulation of nitrate in soil.

Abstract: Six dominant microorganisms including four kinds of Pseudomonas and two kinds of Bacillus were isolated from substrate sludge for improving the organic substance removal ability for the biological activated carbon filter (BAC). This paper examines the backwashing effect on the stabilization of these six microorganisms immobilized on the filter. The results showed the backwashing had more impact on bacteria stabilization of BAC filter during start-up period than the stabilization period. The biomass loss was 28.57% during the start-up period more than the stabilization period which biomass loss was 11.76%. The Scan Electron Microscope (SEM) and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis of Polymerase Chain Reaction amplified 16S rRNA (PCR-DGGE) photos showed that the ecology of the population did not change with the operation. The biomass of dominant microorganism after air-water scour backwashing decreased during the start-up period and retained stability during long term performance.