Advanced Materials Research Vols. 183-185

Abstract: Inhibition of ammonia oxidation and nitrite oxidation was studied in an immobilized biomass system. Ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) suffered different inhibition in ammonia-rich wastewater. NOB started to be inhibited when FA (free ammonia) was 2mg/L, and was totally inhibited when FA was 8mg/L. AOB started to be inhibited when FA was 22mg/L, and tended to lose activity when FA was higher than 170mg/L. Inhibition kinetics of ammonia oxidation and nitrite oxidation could be described by Haldane model. Immobilization alleviated inhibition of FA to nitrifiers, maintaining high activity even at high strength ammonia solution. Partial nitrification could be achieved by varying degrees of inhibition of FA to AOB and NOB.

Abstract: As a kind of rig-rod-like polymer, poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) has received great interest because of its excellent mechanical properties and good thermal stability. The use of PBO materials, however, is limited due to its low sunlight stability. In this study, photolysis of PBO films was studied by infrared spectroscopy and molecular mass determination. It found that at the beginning of photolysis, the I.V. values of PBO almost did not changed. Then, it underwent fast decrease stage. Moreover, PBO degrade slowly in N2 atmosphere than in air atmosphere. The most likely photo-degradation mechanism was put forward. Attempts to stabilize PBO from photolysis were also investigated. It found that heat treatment could alleviate photo-degradation speed of PBO. Traditional light stabilizers showed a marginal effect on photolysis of PBO, whereas ferrocene dimethanol behaved better effect on the photo-stabilization of PBO.

Abstract: The interaction characteristics of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) with catalase (CAT) were investigated by employing fluorescence spectroscopy and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The intrinsic fluorescence of CAT was quenched distinctly by 2-CP. The quenching mechanism of fluorescence of CAT by 2-CP was observed to be a static quenching procedure. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the binding reaction was spontaneous and the hydrophobic force played the major role in stabilizing the 2-CP-CAT complex. The binding constant was 1.18×10^-4 L/mol. The binding distance r and critical distance R₀ was 1.90 nm and 1.64 nm, respectively.

Abstract: Set pair analysis (SPA) is emerging as a new system theory method for analyzing vagueness and uncertainty of facts. Many problems of uncertainty of fuzziness can be solved with the application of identity-discrepancy-contrary expression, and five-element connection number (FECN) is an extension of SPA. Aiming at the problem being too complex for the present evaluation methods on lake eutrophication, an assessment of lake eutrophication based on situation of five-element connection number was suggested. The results of the assessment are basically in concordance with other evaluation methods. So, the evaluation model provides realistic support for remediation-related decisions for water resource management.

Abstract: As a very important material, the use of hydrogen is increasingrapidly. Because the main advantage of hydrogen is that it is a clean and renewable energy source/carrier with high specific heat of combustion and no contribution to the Greenhouse effect, and can be used in many industrial applications. Many countries are developing to reduce operational cost of bio-producing hydrogen technology. So the key to realize industrialization is to improve biohydrogen-producing capacity and reduce the cost. This article discusses fermentative hydrogen production from various points of view. First, the theoretical principles of the biological processes taking place in hydrogen production, and the organisms responsible for this process are described at the same time. Second, Laboratory Experiments of fermentative hydrogen production are introduced. Types of fermentative and applicable reactor designs are discussed. Finally, the challenges faced by fermentative hydrogen production are discussed.

Abstract: The forest biomass (which is referred to the arbor aboveground biomass in this research) is one of the most primary factors to determine the forest ecosystem carbon storages. There are many kinds of estimating methods adapted to various scales. It is a suitable method to estimate forest biomass of the farm or the forestry bureau in middle and last scales. First each subcompartment forest biomass should be estimated, and then the farm or the forestry bureau forest biomass was estimated. In this research, based on maoershan farm region, first the single tree biomass equation of main tree species was established or collected. The biomass of each specie was calculated according to the materials of tally, such as height, diameter and so on in the forest inventory data. Secondly, each specie’s biomass and total biomass in subcompartment were calculated according to the tree species composition in forest management investigation data. Thus the forest biomass spatial distribution was obtained by taking subcompartment as a unit. And last the forest total biomass was estimated.

Abstract: Housing unit is studied as cell in this paper. The cell model analyzes structure and usage of each primary apartment and room of a housing unit in a view of a biological cell. Individual human person is abstracted as ATP and electron in this model, and it is demonstrated that human has the dominant impact on urban management and social administration as an electron in a living organism.

Abstract: In this study, a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was used to treat synthetic wastewater when dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and temperature were 0.5-1.0mg/L and 30±1°C, respectively. Effect of sludge loading(Ns) on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) was investigated. The results indicated that removal efficiencies of ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N), COD and total nitrogen (TN) were all higher than 90%, respectively, when influent NH₄⁺-N and Ns were 35-45mg/L, 0.15kgCOD/(kgMLSS•d) under 7 hours of aeration time and 1 hour of idle time, respectively. Therefore, the SBR has obviously achieved simultaneous nitrification and denitrification.

Abstract: On the basis of clarifying the nature of the environmental compensation, this paper is to discuss the subject of the environmental compensation, including the funds providers, and compensation object. The environmental compensation must be a process that matter and energy transfers from the economic system to the environmental system reciprocally and compensatorily, through the funds providers provide funds, intermediaries take the specific measure for environmental restoration. It will be emphasized that the compensation object should be the environment.

Abstract: The development and advance of city is the sign of human civilization, and the crystal of the mutual development of economy, politics, culture, and ecological environment for one age. In the ecological protection, Shenyang city has not protected and destroyed original public services from the view of cultural ecology. The cause is that Shenyang city lacks in the consciousness to maintain the ecology, which seriously influences the development of Shenyang city and threatens human healthy, and has been an important factor to restrain the sustainable development of the city (Li, 2008). Aiming at this problem, many countermeasures such as establishing the volunteer organization of ecological preservation and keeping feasible density are proposed in this article. With the development of the human society, the environment protection and ecology have been widely applied in various domains of the city. The development of the ecological concept has made the ecological city be one of the hottest topics nowadays. To maintain the city ecological system and build the city ecological figure is not closely related with the adjustment of Shenyang industrial structure, but directly influence the improvement of about seven millions denizens’ habitation condition in Shenyang. Therefore, the research and thinking about the ecological construction and preservation should be widely concerned by the whole society (Li, 2001).