Advanced Materials Research Vols. 183-185

Abstract: Based on sustainable green packaging design, this paper will explore the applicability of design of plant stalk packaging containers and construct the system of packaging shape, structure, materials, and integration of technology. And finite element software is used to make a simulation analysis of packaging containers to improve the design of plant stalk containers, and provide a reference model for the development of forms and structural improvements of packaging containers.

Abstract: The ultraviolet protectant (UV protectant) properties of different natural and synthetic compounds were investigated for a biopesticide based on ecdysone. This study examined the photostabilization of ecdysone when exposed to ultraviolet light in the presence of some ultraviolet protectants. Ecdysone solutions with and without UV protectants in methanol were applied onto the surface of glass slides. At particular intervals, the remaining concentration of ecdysone was analyzed by HPLC. Using first-order kinetic equation, the dissipation half-life values (DT₅₀) for the degradation of ecdysone under ultraviolet radiation were obtained. The larvicidal activity was evaluated against the larvae of Martianus dermestoides Chevrolat. It indicated that the addition of congo red, yeast, starch and arabia gum provided moderate degree of photostabilization of ecdysone and that addition of lignin provided the best photostabilization of ecdysone, among these UV protectants studied. Toxicity of the ecdysone with UV protectants was higher to the larvae of M. dermestoides Chevrolat compared to the ecdysone alone as indicated by the lower EC₅₀ value. The dissipation half-life values of ecdysone after irradiation under ultraviolet light and the larvicidal activity suggested that the addition of lignin (in 1:l mol ratio) can provide better photostabilization of ecdysone molecule.

Abstract: Damage detection in composite materials can be divided into active and passive approaches. The active approach is usually based on various non-destructive techniques utilizing actuators and/or receivers. Simple laser scans, revealing the change in Lamb wave response amplitudes, have been used to locate delamination and estimate its severity in a composite plate. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated through experimental studies in which input signals exerted at piezoelectric (PZT) patches on a composite plate are successfully reconstructed by using the time reversal method. The ultimate goal of this study is to develop a reference-free damage diagnosis technique based on the time reversal process so that defects can be identified without relying on any past baseline data.

Abstract: As an industrial organic solid waste, oil residue, with wide sources and low price, but could not find an effective way to use currently. In addition, with the development of mushroom industry and rising price of traditional raw-materials, it is very necessary to find the substitute raw material to reduce production cost of mushroom cultivation. This study attempts to produce the strains of Flammulina velutipes by taking use of oil residue to replace part of the traditional raw material, there are two groups in the experiment: the test group is adding 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 40% of the oil residue to replace the culture medium of cottonseed hull and wheat bran; the control group is the traditional culture medium, then comparatively observed the growth of the mycelium. The results showed that it can promote the growth of the mycelium and shorten the cycle of seed production to add the oil residue in the test. But the growth rate of mycelium will be hindered when the concentration exceeds a certain range.The optimal culture medium to add the oil residue is as follows: 15% of the oil residue, 64% cottonseed hull, 20% coarse wood chips, 0% wheat bran , 1% lime. Oil residue contains a lot of the nutritional components to benefit the growth of edible fungi, and without the heavy metal pollution, can replace the culture medium of cottonseed hull and wheat bran and other traditional materials, reduce cost of production the strains, a fair-sized economic efficiency can be received, the environment can be protected.

Abstract: Determined to adopt iron as anodes, and Ti-base board with coating as cathodes. To optimize the reaction conditions of phosphorus removal by electrocoagulation (EC), testing the effect of current density, electrode distance, initial pH and electrolysis time on the phosphorus removal. According to the results, the optimal conditions for the phosphorus removal in the EC treatment were obtained, i.e., 20 mA/cm² of current density, 2cm of distance and 10min of reaction time were optimum. Under these conditions, phosphorus removal by electrocoagulation reached to 95.07%, 10min later the change of total phosphorus (TP) removal rate is not obvious. By the end of this test, phosphorus removal by electrocoagulation reached to 99.68%.

Abstract: In the study, the gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll contents in the needles of Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. exposed to exogenous nitric oxide (NO) were determined. The Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. seedlings were treated with sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, at 5 different concentrations ranging from 0 mM to 1 mM. The result showed that at different concentrations exogenous NO had different effects on the photosynthetic parameters and photosynthetic pigments. The content of chlorophyll was maximal in the treatment with SNP at 0.01 mM. At low concentrations (0.1 mM) SNP significantly increased the photosynthetic rate (PN) and decreased the Respiration rate (RD) and Compensation irradiance (IC) of the needles (p<0.05). The experiment proved that at low concentrations exogenous NO signals increased the photosynthesis of Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. seedlings. The present results suggested that the lower concentrations SNP might decrease the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promote the growth of the Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc.

Abstract: Taxus chinensis var. mairei was used as test material, exogenous nitric oxide (NO) fumigation treatment with different concentration (0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 or 1 mM) of sodium nitrop russide (SNP), a donor for exogenous NO, was used to study the effects of NO on the active oxygen metabolism index of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in Taxus chinensis var. mairei. The results showed that low concentration of exogenous NO treatment increased the activities of the protective enzyme, such as SOD, CAT, POD and APX of Taxus chinensis var. mairei leaves, reduced the content of H2O2, and inhibit the increase of MDA in the first three days. NO fumigation treatment enhanced the antioxidant ability of Taxus chinensis var. mairei, prevented lipid membrane peroxidation.

Abstract: On the up-flow biological aerated filter to remove COD and NH₃-N were studied the effect and contrast in various stages of finding the optimal operating conditions, so as to achieve energy conservation, the purpose of reducing operating costs. Through experiment studied that the variation of air-water ratio, hydraulic loading, organic concentration in the removal of COD and NH₃-N effects, observe and analyse the change of COD and NH₃-N removal and the characteristics of microorganisms of filter’s different height. The results showed that COD and NH₃-N removal are high under the condition of air-water ratio 4:1~5:1, hydraulic loading 1~2 m³/ (m²●h), organic concentration 300~400 mg/L. The concentration of COD and NH₃-N of effluent which are treated by biological aerated filter can meet with second degree discharging standards.

Abstract: In this experiment, clay loam, fine sandy loam and silty loam collected from the farmland (FL), floodplain (FP) and Loess platform (LP) in Changchun separately were chosen to study the role of rainfall on the migration of heavy metal (Pb)-colloid complexes quantitively through soil column simulation in laboratory. The purpose of this study is to illuminate the tendency for colloid-Pb co-migrating to deep soil and groundwater. The study shows whether how the mechanism between colloid and heavy metal acts, the processes exist in common. First, through some sort of adsorption, heavy metal form complexes with colloids, and co-migrate in the underground environment, which is called a co-migration mechanism. And Pb migrated out the FL, LP, and FP soil column contain 28.4%、25.7% and 22.6% complexes separately. Second, the heavy metal complexes with colloids have a certain stability and mobility. Third, in migrating process, the presence of colloids increases the migration concentration and amount of heavy metal (Pb). And the quantitative of Pb migrated out the FL, LP and FP soil column which added colloids are 1.37、1.36 and 1.25 double control columns separately. Forth, the presence of colloids reduces the reduction ability heavy metal (Pb), and shortens the consumption time for heavy metal (Pb) migrating to a certain depth of groundwater. And the time consuming of Pb migrating to groundwater with same deep is Loess horizon>floodplain horizon>farmland horizon.

Abstract: Biological aerated filter (BAF) was employed to remove iron, manganese and ammonia from groundwater. The filter was in continuous operation under hydraulic loading of 3m3/m2.h. The influence of air-water ratio, the removal effects of iron, manganese and ammonia respective, and the oxidation of the three pollutants, the change of dissolved oxygen along the filter depth were investigated in this research. And the results was obtained, that the optimal air-water ratio was determined by 3, which made the dissolved oxygen concentration in the filter central be 4.75mg/l, and the removal of iron, manganese and ammonia be above 90%, 99% and 87%, respectively. The efficient removal of manganese occurred in the central and lower parts of the filter. More iron was oxidated at the upper 0.75m of the filter, and the oxidation velocity of manganese and ammonia would be limited, when the inlet iron concentration was higher. Nitrification process consumed more dissolved oxygen, which made dissolved oxygen concentration decrease along the filter depth from 0 to 1.25m. The demand of filtration depth is 1.6m, for simultaneous removal.