Advanced Materials Research Vols. 183-185

Abstract: Bio-hydrogen production from diluted molasses by anaerobic activated sludge was investigated in a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) under condition of continuous flow in this study. Research shows that the reactor started up under the condition of influent COD concentration 3000mg/L, HRT8h, pH6.5~7.5 and (35±1) °C. The process performed steadily and a dominant butyric acid and acetic acid type fermentation population was established, acetic acid and butyric acid accounted for about 80% in the liquid fermentation products. The effluent PH value was maintained about 5.0. The biogas yield could reach at 4.87L/d while hydrogen yield reached 41.25mL/d under the condition. When influent COD concentration rose to 5500 mg/L, the biogas yield and hydrogen yield as high as 9.45L/d and 119.98mL/d were obtained.

Abstract: The nutritional value and functional properties of corn germ protein hydrolysates was investigated. The amino acid profile of hydrolysates showed that there was an increase in the content of essential amino acids, His, Arg, Ile, Val and a decrease in Lys, Phe, Met when compared with the starting material. The low degree of hydrolysis (5.9%, 10.4%) improved the solubility at acid pH, WHC, OHC of corn germ protein isolates, but samples of high degree of hydrolysis (14.1%) was not significantly increased in WHC and OHC.

Abstract: The effect of the extent of the enzymatically modified corn germ protein isolates on foaming and emulsifying properties was investigated. The experimental results indicated that enzymatic treatment improved the FC and EA of corn germ protein isolates, but the ESI and FS were decreased. The EA and FC of samples were increased with DH improvement at low DH (<10.4%), and the ESI and FS were decreased when DH was enhanced. The extent of modification should be determined by the intended application of new food ingredient.

Abstract: The total anthocyanin content (TAC) of pigment extracted from fruits of Padus racemosa and Padus virginiana was determined by pH-differential method. TAC in pigment from fruits of Padus racemosa was higher than that in Padus virginiana. The vitro antioxidant activity of the two kinds of pigment was evaluated by different assays, including DPPH• assay, ABTS•⁺ assay, OH• assay and reducing power assay. The results showed that except for reducing power, pigment from fruit of Padus racemosa showed stronger ABTS•⁺, DPPH• and OH• radical scavenging activity than pigment from fruit of Padus virginiana. The study concluded that pigment extracted from fruit of Padus racemosa and Padus virginiana can be used as a source of natural antioxidants instead of synthetic antioxidants.

Abstract: Mn Forms and the effect on environment of electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) in Chongqing have been investigated through water extracting and sulpharic acid leaching. The ways of comprehensive utilization on EMR has been discussed in this research. The results show that the forms of Mn in EMR are chiefly water soluble Mn (II), the manganese carbonate and manganese dioxide. The groundwater pollution and the eco-environment damage will present if the EMR is randomly stacked and thrown. Having appropriate methods, the EMR may be used as recovery manganese (e.g. manganese sulfate and producing Fe-Mn bimetal oxide). The second residue from EMR can prepare water disposal agent.

Abstract: Electrochemical degradation of phenol was studied in an undivided cell with a Ti/IrO₂/RuO₂ anode and a carbon/polytetrafluoroethylene (C/PTFE) O₂-fed cathode which produced hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) by the electro-reduction of dissolved oxygen. The effect of current density, supporting electrolyte concentration and initial pH on the removal efficiency of phenol were investigated systematically. Results indicated that the optimal removal efficiency of phenol was achieved under the conditions of current density of 39 mA/cm² and supporting electrolyte concentration of 0.02 mol/L. The phenol removal efficiency in the neutral condition was higher than that of acidic and basic conditions. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) removal achieved 71.6% and 63.6% for 100 min’s electrolysis, respectively. Benzoquinone, maleic acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid and formic acid were identified as intermediates by HPLC. A general phenol degradation pathway involving all these intermediates was proposed.

Abstract: The aim of the present work was to study the effect of properties of ion exchange membrane on separation performance of electrodeionization (EDI) process for removal of nickel ions from dilute heavy metal solutions. It was shown that the properties of ion exchange membrane had a significant effect on removal of nickel ions. With feed water containing nickel ions at the concentration of 55mg•L^-1, the nickel ions concentration of dilute stream was lower than 0.5mg•L^-1 and the nickel rejection was greater than 99% when using EDI membranes, while that was in the range of 2.48-3.55mg•L^-1 with conventional heterogeneous ion exchange membranes. With optimum ion exchange material and operating conditions, EDI would be a very interesting and innovative technology for the treatment of dilute heavy metal solutions.

Abstract: With the continuous improvement of environmental protection requirements, the discharge of secondary fiber industry including waste water, gas and sludge were controlled more strictly. The toxicity studies on coated white board effluents of secondary fiber were carried out by using optimized photo bacteria method. The results showed that the value of EC50 for acute toxicity in coated white board effluents, which were produced from liners effluents and integrated effluents, were 85.50% and 89.77% respectively, reached the level of Moderately Toxic, by contraries from barrier coating effluents, was 157.57%, belong to Non-Toxic Class. Therefore, it should be pay more attention to the toxicity and toxicity emission load of coated white board effluents. Additionally, it can be seen from the analysis of organic compositions that key toxicant produced by liners effluents was diethyl phthalate. And there were no key toxicants of barrier coating effluents.

Abstract: The doping TiO₂ were prepared by hydrothermal method with two different nonmetal, that is N-doped, and N, S codoped. The resulting materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). According to the test result, nitrogen and sulfur co-doped titania give a higher photocatalytic activity in the degradation of organophosphorus pesticide. It was evidenced that the incorporation N in the anatase titania lattice in the form of O–Ti–N linkages. However, we compared with N-doped and N, S codoped it was no reservation to conclude that N, S codoped titania exhibit the further enhanced photocatalytic activity.

Abstract: This study reported the test done on coal gangue-fly ash-sludge mixture for mine wasteland reclamation in pot experiments. According to the characteristic of coal gangue, fly ash and sludge, they were mixed as the complex substrate for reclamation of mine wasteland; meanwhile, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) was also introduced to the reclamation of mine wasteland. The experimental research of the complex substrate and AMF in mine wasteland reclamation was conducted. The results indicated that coal gangue-fly ash-sludge mixture ratio studies revealed that 2: 6: 2 fly ash-coal gangue-sludge mixtures was the optimum mixture ratio that minimized toxic element and provided sufficient nutrients. It resulted that appropriate ratio of the three composite can effectively promote the reclamation, and increase the nutrients absorption of plants, providing a reference for ecological utilization of coal gangue, and fly ash and sludge. In addition, inoculation with AMF in the presence of sludge in mining reclamation was essential for the promotion of plant absorption of nutrients.