Advanced Materials Research Vols. 236-238

Abstract: Tetrahydrothiophene and thiophene are taken as models of aliphatic and aromatic sulfides in aquathermolysis reaction of heavy oil respectively. Experimental data indicates C-S bond of sulfide compound are broken down. The results of thermodynamic calculation indicate that transform rates of two reactants arrive at 100% when the ratio of water/tetrahydrothiophene is more than 3 or the ratio of water/thiophene is more than 4 respectively, temperature and pressure and feed ratio have little effects on equilibrium composition simultaneously. High feed-in ratio is propitious to yield when water is insufficient, and the gaseous products improve with increasing temperature and decreasing pressure.

Abstract: Micro flow experiments in microtubes with nominal radius of 5μm have been accomplished and the impacts of wettability on micro flow have been studied. Method of improving injection by resistance force reducing agent has been discussed in this paper. Research results show that the flux differences between hydrophobic and hydrophilic microtubes represent more obvious at low velocity and low pressure condition. Water flux in hydrophobic microtubes are higher than in hydrophilic microtubes when the pressure gradient is smaller than 1 MPa·m^-1, but the differences are no more obvious when the pressure gradient is greater than 1MPa·m^-1. Some surfactants (resistance force reducing agents) can be adsorbed and arranged tightly on the wall of the microtube, and the wettability of the wall surface can be changed in a certain extent. Thus, the attraction of wall to water molecule is decreased, the effective boundary layer is getting thinner and the flow resistance can be reduced as a result. Based on this research, it is foreseeable that resistance force reducing agents can be applied in low permeability reservoir to improve water injection and improve oil recovery.

Abstract: Based on the minimum separation work theory, a novel allocation parameter of cumulative exergy consumption, the minimum separation power of the product stream (MSPS), is proposed in the separation processes in this article. The related mathematical models are established. The application of this approach to a case study is provided.

Abstract: The stability of M30 Methanol Gasoline (30% methanol, 70% gasoline, v/v) under low temperature and metal corrosion were studied in this paper. Kinds of co-solvents were added into M30 for enhancing its stability at different low temperature and the influence of co-solvents on the stability was also investigated. Results showed that the more the content of co-solvent was, the lower temperature of phase disengagement was. When the content of co-solvent was 3%, the n-hexanol added has the lowest phase separation temperature (-27 °C) of any straight chain alcohols studied. Obvious corrosion happened with the copper samples in pure methanol, FCC gasoline and M30. For M30, the biggest copper’s corrosion appears in the first 3 h (weight loss rate 0.67 mg/h). In addition, the separation mechanism of methanol from gasoline was also discussed.

Abstract: A simple model specific to static water feed solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) water electrolysis cell is constructed containing Butler-Volmer equation for calculating electrode over potentials, Nernst equation for calculating thermodynamic voltage and water balance equation for solving membrane water content. Based on the model, the water content distribution of the membrane is obtained, and the operating current density limitation is shown. It is indicated that the operating current density limitation of static water feed SPE electrolysis cell is obviously lower than that of normal SPE electrolysis cell.

Abstract: Through analyzing the influence of different slat content on the microstructure of cement and fly-ash-flushed-by-seawater binder, the solidification mechanism of salt added cement and fly-ash-flushed-by-seawater binder is investigated. The Scanning Electron Microscope test, X-Ray diffraction and theoretical analysis method are adopted to study the performance and the microstructure of cement and fly-ash-flushed-by-seawater, and to analyze the solidification mechanism of chloride in the mixture. When content of the chloride ions is added to the cement and fly-ash-flushed-by-seawater binder, a new kind of crystal-Friedel can be generated in the age of 7d and 28d. According to the unconfined strength test on the specimens which contain 0.5% chloride ions, the strength is high in 7d, highest in 28d. The chloride ions of the fly-ash-flushed-by-seawater can be solidified in the cement and fly-ash-flushed-by-seawater binder, which can increase the strength of the binder.

Abstract: Based on the results of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) test of surface functional groups of different coal samples in low-temperature oxidation, the quantitative variation between functional groups and temperature was analyzed by B-mode grey relational analysis. According to the grey B-mode degrees and orders, a summary is given that: 1)the aromatic ketone and aldehyde carbonyl groups are mostly produced during the process of coal oxidation and the oxygen-containing functional groups existed mainly in the form of stable ether bond; 2)the methylene groups make major contribution to coal spontaneous combustion, so that the methylene structures should be disposed firstly in order to suppress coal spontaneous combustion effectively; 3)the degree range of gas coal is the largest, which shows that the process of gas coal spontaneous combustion is mostly affected by active groups to some extent. These quantitative results will be helpful to find the functional groups affecting deeply the process of low-temperature oxidation of coal.

Abstract: A natural mineral, palygorskite clay, was used to synthesize pure zeolite X via a two-stage method. The synthetic parameters, such as calcination, crystallization time, and SiO₂/Al₂O₃ molar ratio, were investigated. The results indicated that calcination enhanced the extraction of silica from palygorskite clay and was beneficial for the formation of zeolite X. Micro-sized pure zeolite X with the particle size of 1-4 μm was obtained in the gel with the SiO₂/Al₂O₃ molar ratio range of 1.93 to 3 after hydrothermal treatment at 80 °C for 5 h. The synthetic zeolite X showed high specific surface area (487 m²/g) and low Si/Al ratio (1.17).

Abstract: A new catalyst with two active constituents interacting with activated carbon was prepared. As a model reaction for coal liquefaction, the hydrocracking of di(1-naphthyl)methane (DNM) was investigated under different reaction conditions over the catalyst. The results show that the catalyst converts DNM hydrocraking into 1-methylnaphthalene and naphthalene with high selectively, without any hydrogenation product. Kinetic analysis indicates that DNM hydrocracking in the temperature range of 170-300 °C could be considered as a first order reaction. The activation energy E and pre-exponential factor A for DNM hydrocracking for different reaction times were calculated.

Abstract: The electrochemical leaching technology for complex refractory ore was studied for its high flexibility, easy operation and little pollution. Several typical applications of electrochemical leaching technology for complex refractory ore were reviewed. It is pointed out that out-field intensification and multifield coupling technology was the development trend for ore processing.