Advanced Materials Research Vols. 236-238

Abstract: Shengfu (SF) coal was hydro-thermally treated with and without CaO addition at different temperatures and the crucible coking determinations were carried out to evaluate the effects. The results show that hydro-thermal treatment can obviously increase the micro-strength index (MSI) of the coke and particle coke strength after reaction (PSR), and decrease particle coke reactivity index (PRI), which are beneficial for metallurgical coke to increase the gas permeability in blast furnace. Addition of CaO during hydro-thermal treatment at 150-250°C greatly promotes the effects of hydro-thermal treatment. However, hydro-thermal treatment at 300°C with CaO results in dramatic decrease in MSI and PSR due to the enhanced hydrolysis reactions at this temperature by CaO to form strong cross-linking in the treated coal.

Abstract: Through laboratory experiments with samples from Daqing and Liaohe oilfields, the effects of reservoir mineral,NiSO₄ and tetrahydronaphthalene (THN) were investigated in the aquathermolysis (AT) of heavy oi1. The results indicate that, in contrast with simple AT, the addition of reservoir minerals leads to lower average molecular weight, higher contents of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon and lower contents of resin and asphalting, and the viscosity reduction ratio of the two oi1 samples increases from 7.41% and 12.95% to 16.05% and 25.29% respectively, which means that reservoir minerals can catalyze the AT of heavy oi1.With the addition of NiSO₄ and THN into the reaction system, the average molecular weight of the reaction products decreases further, the contents of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon increase and the contents of resin and asphalting decrease further, the viscosity decreases greatly with a reduction ratio as high as 84.39%.

Abstract: The aquathermolysis (AqTh) of Liaohe heavy crude oil (HCO) in a 300ml autoclave is investigated with an oil soluble catalyst and formic acid as hydrogen donor at 280°C for 24h in N₂ atmosphere，with initial pressure 8.1 MPa. The catalyst is a green viscous liquid of n_D=1.4737 and made from naphthenic acid and nickel sulfate. The viscosity of HCO is temperature sensitive, being of 3716 mPa·s at 50°C and shear rate 44.1 s^-1.The plain catalytic AqTh of HCO leads to a percentage viscosity reduction(PVR) of 64.69%，to an increase in saturates and aromatics contents from 24.32% and 36.89% to 26.12% and 38.08%, and to a decrease in resins, asphaltenes, and sulfur contents from 30.27%，8.52%, and 0.5650% to 28.27%,7.53%,and 0.3365%, respectively; when formic acid is introduced at dosage of 1~7% HCO mass, the PVR is continuously raised to 69.16~87.02%, the saturates and aromatics contents increased to 27.73~31.12% and 39.68~41.26% and the resins, asphaltenes, and sulfur contents decreased to 26.29~24.12%, 6.66~3.50% and 0.3095~0.0742%,respectively. The IR-spectrometry shows that decarboxylation is conducted and number of aromatic rings is lessened in hydrogen donor catalytic AqTh. The role of formic acid and the functioning mechanisms involved inatalytic AqTh of HCO are discussed.

Abstract: As a model reaction for coal liquefaction, the hydrocraking of di(1-naphthyl)methane (DNM) was investigated using acid solid catalyst (ASC) under different reaction conditions. The results show that acid solid catalyst selectively catalyzes DNM hydrocraking to give 1-methylnaphthalene and naphthalene, without hydrogenation product. The rate of DNM hydrocraking strongly depended on reaction temperature, reaction time and the catalyst feed, whereas effect of hydrogen pressure was not serious. The effects of acid solid catalyst is to make C_ar-C_alk bond cleavage.

Abstract: SAPO-11, SAPO-41, ZSM-22, ZSM-12 were synthesized by the hydrothermal method and characterized by XRD, SEM and NH₃-TPD. Effects of pore channel, the number of acid sites and acid strength on hydroisomerization of n-dodecane were examined over Pt-loaded corresponding zeolites. The results indicate that the selectivity to isomers in hydroisomerization of n-dodecane is highly influenced by channel structure in zeolites and the conversion activity of n-dodecane is dependent on acidity of zeolites. Monodimensional ten-ring molecular sieves are ideal catalytic materials for higher isomerization selectivity in hydroisomerization of n-dodecane regardless of acid strength, such as SAPO-11, SAPO-41 and ZSM-22.

Abstract: Using the sampling device for unburnt pulverized coal(UPC) before the tuyere and combining the UPC microscopic morphology which are in BF dust, there is a detailed study of the combustion process of coal before the tuyere. Analyze the behavior of the UPC for effective use and ineffective use in BF, and then get the conclusion, that it can relax the size of the PCI appropriately, and make it to produce proper UPC, which can participate in all kinds of reaction in BF, so that it can replace a part of coke; but in the slag and dust the UPC is hoped not too much.

Abstract: Taixi anthracite coal (TXC) was subjected to oxidation with NaOCl aqueous solution under mild conditions. The reaction mixture was extracted with ethoxyethane, followed by esterification with CH₂N₂, affording esterification products, which were analyzed by GC/MS. A large extent of benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPAs) were obtained in the coal oxidation products. The results showed that oxidation of coals with NaOCl aqueous solution is a useful technique for the high value-added utilization of coals.

Abstract: Calcium zincate as an active material in Zn/Ni secondary battery has been successfully synthesized by microwave method. The chemical composition of Ca(OH)₂·2Zn(OH)₂·2H₂O was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction pattern and weight loss in thermogravimetric analysis.The results of cyclic voltammetry and experimental Zn/Ni battery charge–discharge test showed that the material of calcium zincate had excellent electrochemical performances: a high discharging platform of 1.685 V and a good cycleability, discharge capacity would be 70.0% of initial capacity after circulated 120 times.

Abstract: Because of the characteristic of highly controllability and modularization, battery energy storage could be widely applied in the distributed renewable energy generation for improving the reliability of power supply and smoothing the load. The paper introduces the chemical energy storage technology especially the flow battery and designs the model of smart grid with the chemical energy storage devices. Then the paper gives the interface circuit between smart grid and energy storage, and simulates an actual distribution network with chemical energy storage device, the result shows that if the energy storage battery with proper capacity was connected to the distribution network at a proper position, it was effective in reducing the line loss.

Abstract: Co₂B₂O₅ was synthesized by the rheological phase treatment, followed by ball-milling and subsequent calcination in oxygen atmosphere. The electrochemical properties of this material as a negative electrode for lithium-ion battery were investigated. There are two plateaus with potentials at 0.83 and 0.75 V, respectively, on the first discharge curve. The initial discharge and charge capacities of Co₂B₂O₅ are 1048 and 587 mAh g⁻¹, respectively. The capacity retains 355 mAh g⁻¹ after 10 cycles. The results indicate that Co₂B₂O₅ has potential use in lithium-ion battery as a novel anode material.