Advanced Materials Research Vols. 236-238

Abstract: Bonded structure are commonly three types, purely adhesive bonded, weld-bonded and adhesive/mechanical structures. Generally, peel and overlapped joints are commonly used in the development of bonded structures. T-Peel bonded joint has week tensile loading strength compare to double-overlap bonded joint. The present work aimed to predicting the strength of bonded T-peel joint with single overlap support using finite-element method. For comparison purposes, normal bonded T-peel joint is included in this study. It was found the introduction of a single overlap support for bonded T-peel joint strengthening the joint by 300%. Furthermore, it was reported that the proposed joint strength increased further with increase of the overlap support plate length and thickness.

Abstract: In this paper, a mathematical model is established to simulate heat and mass transfer process among the thin material layer consisting of zinc-containing pellets while being reduced in Rotary Heath Furnace (RHF). The material layer model is based on a single pellet model, coupling heat and mass transfer and chemical reactions. The model essentially involved solving the unsteady-state equations with appropriate initial and boundary conditions using the control volume formulation. Temperature distribution, gas phase concentration, metallization rate, and dezincing rate have been obtained and discussed.

Abstract: Fe-K/SiO₂ catalysts were prepared by microwave irradiation or by the steep and calcine conventional method. They were then tested by analyzing the products on-line with a gas chromatograph (GC 508) equipped with thermal conductivity detector (TCD) and in-series of packed columns Porapak-Q. The structure and morphology of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as N₂ physisorption with the BET method. The result show that microwave radiation of the catalyst led to an increase in the surface area, mesopores pore volume, the catalyst proved to have more reaction activity than that prepared by conventional method.

Abstract: Studied the correlation of near-infrared spectra data and six coal indices, found ash and calorific value has low correlations with spectra data; then use dynamic principal components PLS method predict the coal index; this method could predict Volatile and Hydrogen content better, however, the ability to predict Carbon content and Nitrogen content is lower. It is found that using reflection spectroscopy analyzes the coal need a strong energy source, because the color of coal is deep and reflection is very weak, this leads to noisy signals. Only by improving the energy source could solve the problem of poor spectra data fundamentally; spectral data mining cannot fundamentally improve the quality of data. The current near-infrared reflection spectroscopy common platform such as BRUKER is not suitable for coal analysis, analysis of coal to be better need to develop special near-infrared measuring instruments.

Abstract: The oils studied in this work were three typical oils, sampled from Daqing, Jilin, Liaohe Oil Fields and marked with 1#, 2#, 3# respectively, with wax contents 20.06%, 26.2%, 32.9% separately. The effects of PPD on WATs, abnormal points, pour points, rheological properties and wax-crystal morphology were studied in detail in this paper. The results of experiments indicated that PPD lowers WATs and abnormal points, and decreases the viscosities of crude oils when they are non-Newtonian fluids. In wax-crystallization peak area, both high shear rate and increase of cooling rate make the effects of PPD decrease and the viscosity of oil increase. When 1# sample is reheated to some temperature below 50°C (for 2#, below 70°C), the effects of PPD reduce. With the increase of PPD’s dosage, the crystal size gets smaller and the dispersibility becomes better.

Abstract: Based on the heat integration principle and temperature-enthalpy graph, a co-current multi-effect drying model is established. Being proved by the composite curve of the temperature-enthalpy graph, pressure of each effect is designed in same pressure drop mode. Numbers of effect from 1 to 5 are simulated by iterative method, while the h is 0.7, 0.8 and 1. The results indicate that the co-current multi-effect drying can reduce the use of fresh vapor by at least 33% .

Abstract: Foam has been widely used in petroleum industry. It could enhance oil recovery by the means of improving mobility ratio, selective plugging and lowering the interfacial tension(IFT) of oil and water. The influences of concentration, temperature, gas-liquid ratio, permeability and oil saturation on the plugging property of 3 foaming agents were studied experimentally. The foaming agent concentration and the ratio of steam to nitrogen for thermal foam flooding were optimized. Displacement experiments were performed to investigate the EOR effect of 2# foaming agent. It was shown that the resistance factor increased with the increase of the concentration, gas-liquid ratio and permeability and the increase velocity slowed down in the later period of experiments. The optimal concentration was 0.5wt% and the optimum gas-liquid ratio was 1:1. The resistance factor reduced with increasing oil saturation. The plugging ability lost when the oil saturation was greater than 0.2. The resistance factors of 1# and 2# foaming agents decreased with increasing temperature but 3# increased. The best concentration was 0.6wt% and the ratio of steam to nitrogen was 3:2 for steam and nitrogen foam flooding. In the process of thermal foam flooding, oil recovery increased by 20.82%, and the sweep efficiency and displacement efficiency was 13% and 24.6% , separately.

Abstract: A novel LNG cryogenic energy utilization process to recovery natural gas liquids from oil field associated gas is proposed. The proposed process uses the cryogenic energy of LNG and saves 62.6% of electricity, which is compared to the current electric refrigeration process. The proposed process recovers ethane, liquid petroleum gas (propane and butane) and heavier hydrocarbons, with total recovery rate of natural gas liquids up to 96.8%. Exergy analysis method is used to assess the new process. The results show that exergy efficiency of the new process is 44.3%, and compared to the current electric refrigeration process, exergy efficiency of the new process is improved by 16%. The proposed process has been applied in a conceptual design scheme of the cryogenic energy utilization and implemented for a 300 million tons/yr LNG receiving terminal in a northern Chinese harbor.

Abstract: According to the characters of conventional heavy oil reservoir, liquid and exploitation progress, displacement adjustment method was applied to reduce degression and enhance recovery. The experiment results showed the gel time could be controlled and the strength could be adjusted. The flooding oil rate was more 14.3％ than water flooding in the lab. The pilot test showed that the test effect of moveable gel flooding was significantly good, the accumulated incremental oil production of 6 well groups is 54756t, input-output ratio is 1: 4.1, which shows satisfactory effects in improving the water flooding effect in this conventional heavy oil reservoirs.

Abstract: Mesoporous nano zirconian was prepared by the self-assembly route using hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant and employed as support for Nickel catalysts for selective methanation of CO. The CO methanation catalytic performance of the synthesized mesoporous nano zirconia-supported Ni-based catalysts was investigated, and the catalysts were charactered by TG/DSC, BET and XRD techniques. The results showed that, when the Ni loading was under 7.5 wt%, almost all the nickle species were in the form of nanoscale crystallites that finely distributed on the mosoporous nano zirconian surface. These well dispersive nickle species presented unique high activity and selectivity for CO methanation. For all the catalysts studied, the 7.5 wt%Ni/ZrO₂ catalyst was the most effective one, which showed a higher than 99% of CO conversion in the CO/CO₂ competitive methanation reactions over the temperature interval of 260~280°C, while the CO₂ conversion was held at the low level.