Advanced Materials Research Vols. 236-238

Abstract: The study on optimal technology of extracting 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) and polysaccharides from mulberry leaves as raw material is conducted on the basis of the single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment, and the study result shows the optimum conditions of the DNJ extraction are solid to water ratio of 1∶40, the ultrasonic power of 125 w, the ultrasonic temperature of 70°C, and the ultrasonic time of 20 min. The DNJ extraction ratio of 0.092%; while the optimum conditions of the polysaccharides extraction are solid to water ratio of 1 ∶30 , the ultrasonic power of 125 w , the ultrasonic temperature of 80°C, the ultrasonic time of 40 min and the polysaccharides extraction ratio of 2.52%.

Abstract: The Atractylone, one of the volatile constituents, was the main active components applied in many fields. To avoid the instability, the volatile oil was extracted by supercritical CO₂ extraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Based on this, the processing of Atractylone was stimulated, and the corresponding kinetic parameters were determined. The results indicated that the rate equation of Atractylone oxidation is Rate=K’ [x_A] ^1.84, and the apparent activation energy of the self-oxidation of Atractylone is 58.05 kJ·mol^-1

Abstract: Kiwifruit is very perishable especially at 20 °C. The quality of kiwifruit with 1-MCP treatment stored at 20 °C in modified packages was investigated. Three different polyolefin films, including 0.03mm thickness polyethylene (PE), 0.03mm and 0.05mm thickness poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) films, were used as packaging films. Kiwifruit were fumigated with 1-MCP to delay ripeness and then packaged with the three films and control (air). O₂ and CO₂ concentrations in the packages, flesh firmness, soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA) and ascorbic acid were measured. MAP treatments could postpone the increase of TTS, inhibit the reduction of TA, and avoid the decrease of flesh firmness. Kiwifruit packaged in 0.05mm PVC obtained 33% TA more than control fruit and approximate 25 % retention of initial firmness. However, MAP didn’t maintain more ascorbic acid content of kiwifruit. In conclusion, MAP using polyolefin films combination 1-MCP treatment, especially 0.05mm PVC, might be more effective for preserving the quality of kiwifruit.

Abstract: A statistical experimental design to plastein synthesis which was catalyzed by transglutaminase, using the mixture of soy protein isolate(SPI) hydrolysate and whey protein isolate (WPI) hydrolysate, was investigated. Enzyme/Substrate(E/S:5-25U/g), pH(5-9) and temperature (35-65°C) were selected as major operating variables. To investigate the effects of variables to yield of plastein, the statistical experiment of Box-Behnken design(BBD) and Response Surface methodology(RSM) was employed. Regression analysis showed that the experiment data accorded with the predicted values obtained from quadratic regression equation in BBD with R-Squared of 0.9866 and F-value of 102.51. The optimum results estimated by BBD were as follows: E/S(19.5U/g), pH(6.8), and temperature(50.0°C), gave a maximum plastein yield of 54%. In the present experiment, the preliminary study on plastein functions such as foaming, emulsifying, were showed that plastein had a good biological function.

Abstract: The rheological behavior of apple jam samples which were added native starch and cross-linked acetylated starch was studied respectively, in order to understand the effect of cross-linked acetylated starch and native starch on jam characteristics. The steady-state rheological behavior of jam was described adequately by the Herschel-Buckley (HB) model. The dynamic oscillatory test indicated that the sample which was added cross-linked acetylated starch and not added any gelling agents exhibited a viscoelastic behavior, but the sample which was added native starch exhibited a liquid behavior. The spreadability of apple jam added cross-linked acetylated starch was best and the overall acceptability was highest. Microstructure of apple jam was found to be composed of network and showed that the network was stronger by adding cross-linked acetylated starch, while weaker by adding native starch.

Abstract: In this paper, 60% ethanol was used as solvent to extract polyphenol from infructescence of Platycarya Strobilacea Sieb.et Zucc (IPSSZ), and the mass transfer kinetics of polyphenol at different temperature was investigated. According to Fick’s second law of diffusion, the kinetic equation for IPSSZ. extraction process was established with plate model, and the parameters, such as K(rate constant), E_a(activation energy) were gained. The results can provide the valuable theory basis for the technical design and further research of total polyphenol extraction process.

Abstract: The research of crack-tip field in damage materials is a very complex problem. The core question is how to give the damage constitutive equation and determine the crack tip singularity order of magnitude of the physical quantities. Taking into account the damage process is a process which the energy (strain) accumulates, and the initial damage threshold value existence, on the Lemaitre’s research foundation, the brittle material damage constitutive equation that has the initial damage quantity and the power order relationship with strain is given. Under the assumption that stress (strain) is finite, the construction of III mode crack tip damage fields is studied and the solution of crack-tip stress (strain) asymptotic field is given. Finally, the relationship of the initial crack tip damage zone and full damage zone Scale and material parameters are discusses. These works provide theoretical basis for the material engineering design and the appraisal structure reliability.

Abstract: In order to improve the therapeutic efficacy of retinoid carboxylic acids, a novel retinoate was designed and synthesized with 4-aminophenol as a linker from solanesol and 13-cis-retinoic acid. The synthetic procedure and characterization of the retinoate are described.

Abstract: In this work, the effect of split ratio and the column flow in determination of OCPs in Traditional Chinese medicines are discussed in the name of heptachlor. When the split ratio is 60:1, the measured concentration is close to the actual concentration; on the contrary, they lead the measured concentration lower than the actual concentration. The column flow has not obviously effect on result. The split ratio is considered in OCPs analysis.

Abstract: To establish a rapid, sensitive and specific multiplex PCR method for the simultaneous detection of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp, and listeria monocytogenes. Three pairs of primers have been designed according to the Staphylococcus aureus nuc gene, Salmonella spp IpaB gene, listeria monocytogenes inlA gene. Orthogonal experimental design was used to determine Multiplex PCR amplification system for Food-borne Bacterial Pathogens of four factors (Taq DNA polymerase, Mg²⁺, dNTP and primers) from four levels; three DNA fragments of 210bp,280bp and 476bp were amplified. The specificity and the sensitivity of this method was valued. Template was prepared using FTA filter; the three food-borne Bacterial Pathogens were simultaneously detected by the multiplex PCR technology which have been designed; The sensitivity of this method was 3.0×10²cfu/mL for Staphylococcus aureus, 2.0×10²cfu/mL for Salmonella spp, and 3.5×10²cfu/mL for listeria monocytogenes. This method lies on its accuracy, rapidity and efficiency in the diagnosis, so it could be a useful method for the simultaneous detection of the three species of bacteria in food.