Advanced Materials Research Vols. 236-238

Abstract: Water-insoluble β - ( 1 - 3 ) – D - glucan isolated from the sclerotium of Poria cocos hardly exhibits biological activity. Therefore, it is advantageous to produce a value-added product from Poria cocos. We extracted the β - ( 1 - 3 ) – D - glucan from the sclerotium of Poria cocos and synthesized a carboxymethylated derivative, carboxymethyl-pachyman (CMP). The influences on the degrees of substitution ( DS ) of CMP, for example, volume ratio of ethanol to water, [NaOH]/[MCA] ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time have been examined, respectively. The most favorable conditions for pachyman carboxymethylation are obtained with a [NaOH]/[MCA] ratio of 1.5, at 45°C for 60 minutes with a reaction medium consisting of a ethanol/water 80:20 (v/v) mixture.

Abstract: Hawthorn fruit is highly valuable to be used as functional nutraceutical food and traditional medicine. To better explore the main components of hawthorn perfume, it is important to develop the study of predicting GC retention time of volatile components. In this paper, quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) study had been carried out. The obtained models have good predictive ability and are of high statistical significance. The results show that log P and the most positive partial charge on non-hydrogen atom (q⁺) descriptors play important roles in determining component’s GC retention time. The retention time on the Ultra column increases with lipophilicity of volatile components. The more positive the q⁺ in analyte, the longer the GC retention time is.

Abstract: The direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dcELISA) kit was developed for detecting tetrodotoxin (TTX). The working conditions of the dcELISA kit including the anti-TTX mAb coating concentration, coating method, enzyme-labeled antigen concentration, the antigen diluents, reaction time and temperature were all optimized. The result showed that mAb coating concentration was 3.72 μg/ml, it was coated at the condition of minimal power treatment of microwave oven for 3 min. The enzyme-labeled antigen concentration was 4.08 μg/ml. The competitive reaction was under the condition of room temperature 25 °C for 30 min. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of the standard curve was 20.4 ng/ml, detection limit was 1.1 ng/ml, linear range 3.3～137 ng/ml, the intra-assay CV and inter-assay CV were 6.25% and 7.34% respectively. And recovery rate of TTX ranged from 65.0% to 93.2% with the CV of 9.41～12.77%. This method is convenient, sensitive and time-saving, hope this dcELISA kit can bring benefits and reference for TTX detection.

Abstract: The objective is to study the preparation of TD0232-loaded microemulsion (TD0232-ME) and its quality evaluation. The formulation was investigated by pseudoternary phase diagram. The loading capacity and entrapment efficiency was obtained by ultraviolet spectrophotometric method. The appearance，morphology，size distribution，stability of TD0232-ME were determined. The TD0232-ME，with good stability，was a transparent solution with visible sky-blue opalescence. TD0232-ME in transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) consisted of small spherical drops with a mean size of 30 - 50 nm. The UV analysis showed the loading capacity and encapsulated efficiency of TD0232-ME were 0.1% and 100%, respectively. The solubility of TD0232 was significantly increased in microemulsion and the stability was satisfying.

Abstract: Cashmere shrink-proofing effect by enzyme can't achieve ideal shrink-proof effect, so hydrogen peroxide + Savinase protease combined treatment was selected to treat cashmere fiber. In this paper, the included angle cosine method was used to determine the empowerment weight, and used the fuzzy matter-element analysis to fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the experimental index, the optimum conditions is: hydrogen peroxide pretreatment temperature 35 °C, time 45min, H₂O₂ 40ml / L, pH 9, pyrophosphate 5g / L, the temperature of enzyme treatment 35 °C, time 25min, concentration 40ml / L, pH 9. After cashmere fibers were treated in hydrogen peroxide and Savinase protease combined treatment, cashmere’s Shrink-proofing is well.

Abstract: one-step solid state fermentation process was studied. The orthogonal experiment was carried out to study the effect of the inoculation ratio, the inoculum size, the fermentation water ratio, the fermentation temperature and the fermentation period in this experiment. Optimum conditions were as follows: Bacillus licheniformis: yeast: Lactobacillus plantarum = 2:1:1, the inoculation was 6.0g/100g, the water ratio was 1:0.8, the anaerobic fermentation temperature was 36°C, the fermentation period was 96h. The content of trypsin inhibitor was measured and analyzed before and after the fermentation of soybean under the conditions.

Abstract: Cold water extracts from Hohenbuehelia serotina and Armillaria mellea fruit bodies were prepared and their antioxidant properties were investigated in three different assays, namely, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, reducing power and chelating ability on ferrous ions. Results showed that, at 4 mg/mL, the cold water extracts from A. mellea showed a high reducing power of 1.540. With regard to DPPH free radical scavenging abilities, EC₅₀ value of extracts from A. mellea was 0.595 mg/mL, while that of extracts from H. serotina was 1.649 mg/mL. EC₅₀ values for chelating ability on ferrous ions for cold water extracts from A. mellea and H. serotina was 0.319 and 0.685mg/mL, respectively. From EC₅₀ values obtained, it can be concluded that cold water extracts from H. serotina and A. mellea were good in antioxidant properties.

Abstract: The experiment studied granularity distributed from 1.3-3.0mm in the vibration loading process of molecular sieve, and the influence of all kinds of vibration parameters such as vibration frequency, vibration amplitude on the molecular sieve packing density. The effects of operational conditions on packing density have been analyzed. The results show that the packing density firstly increases with the increasing frequency to a peak value and then reduces, and the frequency has a best value. It is mean that there exist optimum values for A and f to achieve the maximum packing density. And the relationship between amplitude and packing density is the same as the effect of the frequency on packing density. These could serve as the basis in determining the technological parameters of the vibration loading progress of the molecular sieve at this particle size scale.

Abstract: In this paper, the influence of different sintering temperatures on the microstructure, density, shrinkage and final phase content of hydroxyapatite-zirconia (HA-ZrO₂) composites was studied. Composites of hydroxyapatite with 3 mol% Y₂O₃ stabilized zirconia with MgO were sintered between 1100 °C and 1400 °C. The reaction and the transformation of phases were investigated by X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopic measurements. Those results indicated that the processes of HA dehydroxylation were found, the mean grain size of the sample sintered was varied from 1.2 µm to 5.3 µm. Dimension shrinkage increased to 0.24% as the sintered temperature increased from 1100 °C to 1400 °C, the bulk density increased monotonically to 95.6% with increasing temperature up to 1400 °C.

Abstract: The effects of milk supplementation with catfish bone hydrolysate (CBH) at levels of 0, 0.05, 0.15, and 0.5 % on the pH, lactic acid bacteria count (LABC), fermentation time, texture attributes and microstructure of yogurt were investigated. The addition of CBH stimulated acidification and reduced fermentation time (P < 0.05). In comparison with the control yogurt, CBH caused a decrease in product firmness, consistency, cohesiveness and index of viscosity/consistency. The additon of 0.5% CBH produced a higher decrease (P < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy showed that CBH caused changes in microstructure of yogurt that had a coarser, less cross-linked microstructure than control yogurt.