Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 110-116

Abstract: Removed due to plagiarism. Original published: ENHANCEMENT OF HIGH DAMPING VIV THROUGH ROUGHNESS DISTRIBUTION FOR ENERGY HARNESSING AT 8×103 < Re < 1.5×105 Kamaldev Raghavan, Michael M. Bernitsas Proceedings of the ASME 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering OMAE2008, June 15-20, 2008, Estoril, Portugal Publihsed By ASME Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 041101 Vol. 130, NOVEMBER 2008 Michael M. Bernitsas et al. Published By ASME

Abstract: High surface area activated carbon has always fascinated researchers for its application as adsorbent, for water purification, medical and industrial. Date is the major export of Saudi Arabia, while tons of date foliar and fronds are troublesome and yet to be disposed. Transforming this waste into usable activated carbon can be a good idea for recycling, sustainable and green chemistry. In this study, date tree frond is selected to prepare activated carbon, while the effect of phosphoric acid in chemical activation is studied. Using thermogravimetry analysis, it was found that 400oC was the best temperature to convert date frond to carbon. This is supported by FTIR spectroscopy. Various concentration of phosphoric acid is used to optimize the product high surface area carbon obtained and it was found the best is at 60% phosphoric acid with the highest surface area of 1139 m2g-1. This result is also supported by FTIR spectroscopy, which indicates the similarities between commercial carbon and the carbon prepared. FESEM pictographs show chemical activation using phosphoric acid can easily open up pores and cavity of the prepared activated carbon the get the high surface area. It is thus suggested that for mass production of high surface area carbon, date palm frond is used as the source of raw material, due to its abundance and availability comes from the pruning process on the date palm tree, while chemically activated to get the high surface area.

Abstract: Hydrogen and carbon black production via thermal decomposition of natural gas have been achieved using a carbon black furnace. Direct heat transfer from inert hot gases (argon) introduced into sour gas. The carbon black furnace is a small-scale axial flow reactor. There are 3 main chemical reactions through which carbon black is produced. Finally results indicate that the most influencing factor over these chemical reactions and CH4 and H2S conversions is reactor temperature.

Abstract: This paper proposes a new floating sub-atmospheric solar water desalination system to provide the water resource for domestic to industrial usage. In addition to conventional solar stills (CSS) which only utilize incident solar radiation, the sub-atmospheric condition of this system greatly increases the productivity of the system. The mathematical model of the system is developed and the performance of the still is evaluated. The overall productivity of the still is shown to be sensitive to evaporator pressure as the most significant parameter of the system. Other parameters affecting the performance include cover transmissivity and input water temperature.

Abstract: In this study a novel method is developed to identify the NOx emissions released from commercial aircraft during descent. In order to obtain EINOx the real flight data and ICAO emissions database are used. According to the results, statistically significant models are found and the NOx emissions produced from aircraft are calculated to be higher compared to those obtained by ICAO EINOx. Also, the effects of vertical profile, EGT and N1 are discussed. Overall, the minimum and maximum NOx emissions released from the descent of ten flights are calculated as 2.4 kg and 7.2 kg for model 3, with 1.5 kg and 5.4 kg for the baseline, respectively.

Abstract: Furnace is the most common and important part in metal industries. The useful concept of energy and exergy utilization is analyzed to investigate the energy and exergy efficiency, exergy losses, energy savings and cost benefit of an annealing furnace. The exergy efficiency of the combustor is found to be 47.05 %. The energy and exergy efficiencies of the annealing chamber are found to be 17.74 % and 12.86 % respectively. The overall energy and exergy efficiencies of the furnace are found to be 16.86 % and 7.30 % respectively. The annealing chamber is the major contributor for exergy destruction about 57 % of the annealing furnace. By using a heat recovery system from flue gas, about 8.11% of fuel can be saved within the payback period of less than 2 months.

Abstract: In the recent researches HVAC with a based desiccant dehumidifier with a low ambient impact is more efficient in comparison to the traditional systems. Hybrid desiccant cooling systems can be used to control indoor air quality in buildings. This paper presents an integrated energy, entropy and exergy analysis of a hybrid desiccant cooling system compare to a compression system based on first and second laws of thermodynamic. The main objective is the use of a method called exergy costing applied to a conventional compression system that has been chosen to provide the proper conditioned air for a building in hot and humid condition. By applying the same method for the equivalent hybrid cooling system and finding the same exergy costing parameters, two systems can be in comparison to find the more economical system. The result illustrated hybrid desiccant cooling system can be providing 19.78% energy saving and 14.5% cheaper than the compression system the same capacity and lifetime. Nomenclature:

Abstract: This paper presents an experimental study of the effectiveness of using a combined solar energy and heat rejected from a split-type air conditioner, for drying biomaterials. The experiments were carried out on biomaterial dryer using the combined solar energy and heat rejected from a split-type air conditioner. The effectiveness was evaluated based on the comparison of various drying methods, in terms of drying kinetics of the biomaterial being dried, under Thailand’s climate conditions. The banana was chosen as testing materials. The banana was dried by the dryer with using three drying methods: Heat rejected from an air conditioner; solar energy; and the combined solar energy and heat rejected from an air conditioner. The result shows that the combined solar energy and heat rejected for drying biomaterials were found to have a shorter drying time, higher energy efficiency, and more natural appearance of dried biomaterial compared to the conventional drying method.

Abstract: A method for generating electricity using high wind pressure generated by fast moving vehicles channeling the induced wind in the direction of the wind turbine; converting the energy of the wind into mechanical energy by using wind turbine; and converting the mechanical energy into electrical energy by using a generating device and can be used for applications.

Abstract: For rapid production decline, difficult production stability ability in low permeability reservoirs, establishment of effective injection-production system between injection and production wells is proposed to curb production decline. The effectiveness of an injection-production system should contain two aspects, supplementing enough energy to layer on time and overcoming starting pressure gradient. Completely fractured injection-production well arrangement is simplified into an injection-production one-way flow model, and layer pressure calculation formula is derived by separating variables while single-phase flow. Formulas of determining terminal parameters and driving pressure gradient of an effective injection-production system are gained by demanding for time limits on layer pressure and letting production well’s B.H.P (bottom hole pressure) equal or a bit bigger than a minimum pressure. Results show that the efficiency of a completely fractured well arrangement is related to permeability, oil viscosity, reservoir thickness, well spacing, well draining, production rate, and maximum producing pressure drop. The bigger the production rate, the smaller well draining should adopt, and the driving pressure gradient will also become bigger. For a certain reservoir, several sets of effective injection-production systems are possible, and which effective injection-production system is the best should determine by the principle of cost-effective development.