Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 71-78

Abstract: Energy use intensity (EUI) is a significant index for energy management in the building sector; however, previous research that determined an EUI benchmark for a type of building resulted in serious problems. Such earlier EUI benchmarks cannot fairly evaluate office buildings with different proportions of parking areas and different numbers of floors, becoming an obstacle for energy management. Therefore, this study proposes an area-weighted office building EUI benchmark that calculates according to office areas and parking areas. This study subsequently surveys the electricity consumption of 58 office buildings in Taiwan to determine the office area EUI benchmark that depends on the number of floors in a building, and suggests a reasonable parking area EUI benchmark. Finally, this study promotes a fairer EUI benchmark and ranking system for office buildings in Taiwan. Such a benchmark and ranking system act as a reference for the promotion of the building energy certificate system in Taiwan.

Abstract: In view of overall strategies for the development of Electric Vehicles and their internal conditions, the complex engineering designs of their promotions often involves some parameters’ determination such as research and development, market, battery cost performance, motor cost performance, some quality indicators of mutual restraints and many other complex influential factors are. In order to obtain satisfactory products, the evaluation indicator of Electric Vehicle development should be analyzed and evaluated. This paper constructs evaluation index systems of Electric Vehicles development and determines the evaluation index and weight reasonably by multi-level and multi-objective fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods. And by transforming complicated multiple evaluations into simple quantitative evaluations, it provides a scientific evaluation method for improving the overall evaluations of electric vehicle development.

Abstract: The composite coatings were prepared on aluminum alloy by anodizing and chemical conversion method. The coatings consisted of a anodic oxide coating and a rare earth conversion coating. The surface morphology and composition of the composite coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-rays (EDX). The electrochemical properties of the different samples were researched by Potentiodynamic polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in a 3.5-wt.% NaCl solution. The results showed that corrosion current density of the sample with composite coatings was 3.611×10^-9 A·cm^-2, impedance was 6.107×10⁵ Ω·cm^-2. The composite coatings had better corrosion resistance than the sample with anodic oxide film and the aluminum alloy substrate.

Abstract: As a clean renewable energy, biomass energy is now gradually being used in electric power, chemicals, heating and other related industries with great potential, and further research is also ongoing in depth. At the same time, because the demand of the construction of environment-friendly society, feed gas from biomass gasification for Fischer-Tropsch fuel synthesis in this way also has gained more and more attention. For the selection of ideal way to obtain synthetic fuels with relatively high system efficiency from biomass, this paper simulation for a variety of processes and different gasification conditions based on Gibbs free energy minimization method. The impacts of pre-treatment of biomass, temperature of gasification and pressure are analyzed. In the evaluation of energy efficiency of the system, an exergy analysis of biomass integrated process is presented. All parts of the process were calculated and compared, which mainly includes the gasification, pre-treatment, HRSG, compression, purification, WGS and FT reactor sections. The results showed that in the process the largest exergy losses take place in the gasifier section, and the pre-treatment of biomass materials for this part will have a greater impact on exergy loss.

Abstract: For the growing problem of mine heat hazard in the deep mining, this paper mainly studies the heat source and the rock temperature variation of the fifth mining in Pingdingshan. An air cooling system is designed using the low-temperature water spray, which operates as follows: the cryogenic water prepared by refrigeration unit is transported through the transmission pipeline to the cooler installed in the working face for cooling of the air flow; then the return water is transported back into the refrigeration unit for re-refrigeration cycle; the condensing heat which is generated by refrigeration unit is discharged by water spray in the shaft of Beishan, which is an effective solution to condensation heat emissions underground. To avoid the phenomenon of "uneven heat distribution with higher temperature on the upper position" during the long face cooling, the upper part of Mining Face is cooled by cold water spray shower, which is proved effective. Without the water spray working the temperature at the upper outlet of the mining face dropped by 2.8°C; and with the water spray working the working condition is improved by the temperature dropping for 4.8°Cat the upper outlet of the mining face while 4°Con the whole mining face and the air humidity content decreasing about 6 g / kg (DA). The research in this paper supplies valuable reference for the heat hazard control and recycling of mine wastewater.

Abstract: Microgrid is a distributed power generation system, and is also an effective solution for the connection of grids with high level of distributed energy resources. This paper reviews the microgrid test beds and demonstrated projections in many countries, with emphasis on the communication and control techniques. We arrive at the conclusion that new strategies for communication and control are urgently needed in future power grid.

Abstract: Biomass oxygen-steam gasification associated with synthesis technology known as indirect biomass liquefaction is regarded as one of the most promising technologies of biomass utilization. In this paper, a comprehensive gasification model was developed for the simulation of rice straw oxygen-steam gasification using ASPEN PLUS. The gasification process was divided into two parts: pyrolysis and gasification. The RYield module was used to simulate the pyrolysis process with an external FORTURN program to calculate the pyrolysis products while the gasification process was calculated by the RCSTR module. With the help of the model, the gasification of rice straw was simulated under different residence time, different temperature and different amount of steam. The results showed that the proper residence time and temperature is 1.5s and 1300°C, respectively. The optimum amount of steam is steam/biomass=0.12 while the addition of oxygen is oxygen/biomass=0.2.

Abstract: IEC61850-9-1/2 defined the sampling value transmission which is an important model in the IEC61850 standards. In-depth understanding of 9-1 and 9-2 agreement has great significance to develop substation automation system that meets the IEC61850 standards. This paper introduces the content and the implementation methods of the 9-1 and 9-2 agreement in detail. The analysis and comparison are made to 9-1 and 9-2 from the sampling value transmission content, the communication methods, the network forms, the SCSM mapping way and so on. The applications of the two protocols in the actual project are compared and point of view is put forward. It is significant to learn and master the IEC61850 standards and the IED equipment process bus’s communicating design.

Abstract: This study aims to simplify the calculation steps as a reference for architects to check if the estimated value of ratio of equivalent transparency (Req) can meet the basic requirement of code. This study uses simulation tool to analyze the variations on energy conservation of residential buildings by two general residential building types in Taiwan. Basing the analysis data, this study finds out the 16-orientation minima and maxima energy conservation values and then establishes a guideline. The findings reveal if we control the ratio of opening of building envelop not exceeding 24% on terraced houses and not exceeding 38% on retail shops, the design can meet the basic requirement of code in all orientations.

Abstract: With the development of the field and the increasing of ineffective and becoming ineffective oil field blocks, the number of well pumping unit at the catch-ring become reduced. If the production system still base upon the original loop, then the gathering energy will be tremendous. In this paper, the method of oil catch-ring transformation and an instance of transformation are given which are based upon the technology of thermodynamics, heat transfer, oil and gas gathering and transportation, economics and so on, and then the best optimization program are given, which can guide inefficient oil production to reduce energy consumption.