Advanced Materials Research Vols. 183-185

Abstract: Elaeagnus angustifolia L., a hardwood species in the family of Elaeagnaceae, has long been used as part of traditional medicines to treat various diseases. However, limited study is available on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of E. angustifolia bark. In this study, we undertook a phytochemical investigation of E. angustifolia bark by gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis. And antioxidant activity of the crude and following soluble fractions of E. angustifolia bark was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging assay. GC-MS investigation of 95% EtOH crude extracts from E. angustifolia bark detected 40 compounds, and DPPH free radical scavenging assay indicated that the bark EtOAc and BuOH soluble fractions exhibited significant antioxidant potential (IC50 values of 12.1 and 12.4 µg/ml, respectively) comparing with α-tocopherol and BHT (IC50 values 12.3 and 13.8 µg/ml, respectively), which were used as positive controls.

Abstract: Using a multi-effect evaporation system to concentrate the effluent from alkaline peroxide mechanical pulping (APMP) plants is known to require a high energy consumption. In order to improve the situation, a polyethersulfone (PES) membrane was used to concentrate the effluent of APMP plants beforehand. An orthogonal experimental design was applied and a mathematical model was established to optimize the filtration parameters. An estimation of potential energy and water savings from this new concentration process was developed. The optimal filtration conditions obtained were: molecular weight cut-off at 10,000 Dalton, trans-membrane pressure at 3 bar, feed temperature at 50oC, cross-flow velocity at 420 rpm, and volume reduction factor at 0.93. The average permeate flux under these conditions was 45.31 l/m2.h. The total solids content was increased from 14.74 g/l in the feed to 95.04 g/l in the concentrate. The permeate had low total solid contents of 8.75 g/l, Chemical Oxygen Demand of 6696 mg/l, and Biochemical Oxygen Demand of 4383 mg/l. Such qualities would allow the permeate to be reused in the alkaline peroxide mechanical pulping process. With this new concentration process, about 4840.6 kWh energy can be saved and 23.3 m3 effluent discharge can be reduced for each ton of pulp produced.

Abstract: Dihydromyricetin-zinc(II) complex was synthesized. The scavenging activity of DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion radical and alkane radical by dihydromyricetin-zinc(II) complex were determine, moreover compared with Vc. The results showed that dihydromyricetin-zinc(II) complex possessed strong scavenging activities on DPPH•, hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion radical and alkane radical with correspounding maximum scavenging rate 74%, 70% , 65% and 50% at the concentration from 0.1 mmol/L to 0.5 mmol/L, respectively, which were higher than Vc. These results suggested that dihydromyricetin-zinc(II) complex would be an effective free radical scavenger.

Abstract: In recent years, the SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) systems are applied widely for water distribution networks, where the auto-control valves are used to reduce the excessive water pressure of each node for further leakage control. In this paper, first the existing optimal location models of valves are briefly introduced, whose shortcomings are proposed. Then a new method based on direct hydraulic analysis theory of the mass conservation of nodes and the energy conservation of loops is available for optimal location of auto-control valves. Finally taking the water network of Tianjin Port Free Trade Zone as an example, valve location problem is illustrated, which shows the feasibility of the method.

Abstract: In this paper, the adsorption and decolorization capability of expanded graphite (EG) on the simulated wastewater containing Acid Orange Ⅱwere studied. The experimental results show that the initial concentration of wastewater, the dosage of EG, the pH value and the temperature all have greater effects on the decolorization ratio of simulated Acid Orange Ⅱ wastewater. The dye- wastewater containing lower concentration(＜150 mg/L) of Acid Orange Ⅱ is more suitable to be treated by EG, and approximately 100 mg/L is the preferable concentration. The decolorization ratio increases with the increment of the dosage of EG and the temperature level, but the growth rate obviously decreases at the higher initial concentration. All the decolorization ratios under strong acidic (pH<5) and alkalic (pH>11) conditions are higher than that at the range of 5-11 pH values, the highest value even reaches over 94%, while the decolorization ratio under the latter conditions are only between 75% and 85%.

Abstract: Giemsa C-banding patterns and karyotype of chromosomes were analyzed in the root-tip cells of diploid Thinopyron elongatum. A modified seed germinating method was developed for obtaining the C-banding patterns in diploid Thinopyron elonggatum. The results of The C-banding analysis showed the significant differences among the seven pairs of chromosomes in diploid Thinopyron elonggatum. The intensive C-bands were stained steadily on the intercalary, terminal, subcentromeric and centromeric regions of Chromosomes. We found that there are three pairs of metacentric chromosomes and four pairs of submetacentric chromosomes in diploid Thinopyron elonggatum. The karyotype formula is 2n=2x=14=6m+8sm. Present results provided a basic cytological data and will be useful for the further studies in Thinopyron elongatum.

Abstract: In order to crystallize hardness features of common foods, the TA-XT2i texture analyzer and HDP/BS blade-type probes are applied to measure the hardness of 16 kinds of common foods. The samples are divided into groups according to proximity and deviation of the measured values, and consequently, the evaluators carry out sensory evaluation adopting sequential method and scale method in succession. After that, correlation analysis is been analyzed between measured values of the texture analyzer and scale values of sensory evaluation, correlation diagrams are drawn and regression equations are established to analyze. The results demonstrate that a close linear correlation exists between measured values and scale values. It is also concluded that reliability of scale values decreases with the growing quantity of tested samples, and it’s more difficult to scale when texture and property of the samples tend to have minor difference, therefore, scale values become less reliable.

Abstract: To investigate extracting technique and potential biological activity of fucoidin in Undaria pinnatifid, a kind of marine organisms. Factors such as solid-liquid ratio (times), time of extraction (min) and temperature of extraction (°C) were chosen to be investigated to examine the best extracting technique. 50 mice were randomed to negative comparison group, positive comparison group and experiment groups. Mice were inoculated tumor stock S180. The negative comparison group were administrated with physiological saline, positive comparison group administrated with astragalus polyose(50mg/(kg•d)), and experiment groups administrated with fucoidin(100mg/(kg•d), 50mg/(kg•d), 25mg/(kg•d)). The tumors were peeled and weighted after 7 days. The best extracting condition is definite to be 100 °C, 60 times of water and 7h. The content of fucoidin in Undaria pinnatifida is 55.4％ after preliminary purification. The tumor inhibition rate of experiment groups are 56.19%, 65.71% and 30.48%. The results of investigation on orthogonal experiments are reliable. And fucoidin in Undaria pinnatifida has certain antitumor effect.

Abstract: Improving bio-hydrogen-producing capacity is the key to realize industrialization for the H2-producing technology. One of the most effective approaches is to investigate the factors that affect the H2-producing capacity. Different glucose concentrations and pH were designed in anaerobic Clostridium R33 sp.nov. cultures. The hydrogen production varies according to glucose concentration and pH, respectively. It is founded the optimal glucose concentration is 12.5 g/L and the optimal pH is about 4.0.

Abstract: Isolation and culture of hydrogen-producing and fermentative bacteria is an important foundation on biohydrogen production process. There are complicated operation and composition in present anaerobic techniques and culture media. Hungate technique was improved and plate of culture bottle was established by comparing anaerobic methods and bacterium growth. Isolation and enrichment culture media were confirmed by the test of different composition and the species and amount of hydrogen-producing and fermentative bacterium. 550 bacterium strains were isolated by the anaerobic operation.