Advanced Materials Research Vols. 183-185

Abstract: The design of an optimum and cost-efficient medium for production of cold-active cellulase by Penicillium cordubense D28 was attempted by using response surface methodology (RSM). Based on the Plackett–Burman design, corn meal, (NH4)2SO4 and branc were selected as the most critical nutrient. Subsequently, they were investigated by the Box-Behnken design. Results showed that the maximum cold-active cellulase activity of 110.4U/mL was predicted when the concentration of corn meal, (NH4)2SO4 and branc were 21.97 g/L, 2.39 g/L and 14.99 g/L, respectively. The results were further verified by triplicate experiments. The batch reactors were operated under an optimized condition of the respective corn meal, (NH4)2SO4 and branc concentration of 22 g/L , 2.4 g/L and 15 g/L , the initial pH of 6.0 and experimental temperature of 20 ± 1°C. Without further pH adjustment, the maximum cold-active cellulase activity of 109.8 U/mL was obtained based on the optimized medium with further verified the practicability of this optimum strategy.

Abstract: Based on advantages of plated sedimentation tank, mechanical stirring clarification tank, Densadge, design new efficient clarification tank treating raw water of low-temperature and high-color. Its functions of mixture, flocculation, precipitation and sludge concentration are gather in integral whole. This paper introduces mainly the tank structures, characteristics of technology, design principle, application parameters and operating conditions treating raw water of low-temperature and high-color, laboratory researches show that the tank possess the following characteristics: small occupation area, high load, uniform water distribution, reasonable flow trend, owning good adaptability and feasibility treating raw water of low-temperature and high-color, high removal rate of colour and turbidity has reached to high standards.

Abstract: Based on jar test, with different matching coagulants of PFA, PSFeZn, PSFe, PAC, Al2(SO4) 3, FeCl3, PAM etc., screen the optimal coagulant and coagulant dose suited for low-temperature and high-color source water treatment, explore reaction mechanisms, make economic analysis. The results show that: the combination of 2mg/LPFA and 0.005 mg/L nonionic PAM obtains the best removal efficiency, removal rate of turbidity, CODMn, UV254, UV350 is 95.60 %, 61.11%, 75.26%, 92.59% respectively, turbidity is 0.4 NTU, color reaches 3.3 degree, above both meet national standards and give full play to double effects of charge neutralization and adsorption bridging, with less dosage, good effect, large alum blossom formation, easy settlement. Medicament expense of unit water treatment is about 0.0032~0.00333 yuan/m3.This research provides the basis for optimizing the follow-up process.

Abstract: The influence of bio-filter on domestic sewage treatment in purifying tank was studied in this paper. The result shows that when all the three zones were added bio-filter the mean values of effluent COD and NH3-N were 37.8mg/L and 9.64mg/L respectively, which shows that the bio-filter bed is a key technology and plays important roles for solid-liquid separation, bio-sorption and bio-degradation, to raise the effluent quality in the sewage treatment process.

Abstract: In this research the genes (amoA and hao) for ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) and hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO) responsible for ammonia oxidation reaction in completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite process were cloned and sequenced, and the recombinant protein of AMO and HAO was expressed and characterized. The optimum temperature for AMO activity was 55 °C and more than 40% of the maximum activity was retained from 15-50 °C. The optimum pH for the enzyme was found to be pH 11.0. The highest activity for HAO was observed at 45 °C. More than 50% of the maximum activity was retained even at 55 °C. The dependence of HAO on pH was strong and only average 15% of residual activity left at pH ranging from 3.0-9.0. Study on the molecular and biochemistry properties of recombinant AMO and HAO will benefit for the manipulation of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria to achieve the goal of high efficiency of nitrogen removal.

Abstract: In this study, the mechanism of accumulation of pollutants into living body and defense from health damage were elucidated. Based on the obtained knowledge in this program, the innovative methodology and new functional materials for purification and the restoration were developed. Through these activities, the sustainable understanding and trust about the pollution issuse were established. Six research projects were expected by the fusion of the results. We had investigated the environments around waterfowls which come flying mutually, and the concentration of pollutants in water, soil, fold in wet land and also in waterfowl were measured cooperatively and the accumulation mechanism were clarified. The microchip electrochemistry assay method is developed and applied to actual environments. New materials and methodologies based on the konwledge of the mechanism of accumulation and the defense from health damage were developed.

Abstract: The design of an optimum and cost-efficient fermentation conditions for production of cold-active cellulase by Penicillium cordubense D28 was attempted by using response surface methodology (RSM). Based on the Plackett–Burman design, temperature, seed age and inoculum size were selected as the most critical condition. Subsequently, they were investigated by the Box-Behnken design. Results showed that the maximum cold-active cellulase activity of 110.4U/mL was predicted when the coded values of temperature, seed age and inoculum size were -0.495, 0.455, and 0.253, respectively. The results were further verified by triplicate experiments. The batch reactors were operated under an optimized condition of the respective temperature, seed age and inoculum size of 17°C, 29h and 12.5%. The maximum cold-active cellulase activity of 219.9 U/mL was obtained based on the optimized fermentation conditions with further verified the practicability of this optimum strategy.

Abstract: The development and application of the diffusion equations of water pollutants are synthetically discussed. Depending on Cartesian Coordinate system, the water pollutants diffusion equations in different waterflow states are reviewed. And further development of the water pollutants diffusion equations in different waterflow states is extended to Cylindrical Coordinate system and Spherical Coordinate system respectively. This makes the simulating and modeling of water pollutants diffusion much more accurate and convenient in various water areas with different waterflow states by using different coordinate systems.

Abstract: Many natural and synthetic dyes present in industrial effluents are resistant to degradation by conventional treatments. Decolorization of indigo carmine were carried out using a newly isolated ligninolytic fungus strain Ganoderma weberianum TZC1. This strain was shown to decolorize indigo carmine efficiently; the optimal pH and temperature were pH 5.0 and 33°C. A decolorization efficiency of 93% was achieved by cultivation for 1 h at an initial dye concentration of 20 mg/L. Furthermore, G. weberianum was shown to be used efficiently and repeatedly in repeated-batch decolorization operations with the mycelia pellets at the different ages. Our results suggest that G. weberianum has promising applications in dye-containing wastewater decolorization.

Abstract: Isoprene and monoterpenes are very reactive biogenic volatile organic compounds and have indirect effects on urban air quality. In this study, eight major planting tree species (six arbores and two shrubs) in Shenyang area were examined for the emission of isoprene and monoterpenes using thermal desorption instruments and gas chromatography. The results showed that there were strong seasonal variations in isoprene and monoterpenes emissions from these urban trees. The highest emission rates for Populus alba × berolinensis and Salix babylonica were observed in June with values of about 426.4µg•g-1h-1 and 100.5µg•g-1h-1, respectively. The emission flux from Salix babylonica, Populus alba × berolinensis, Pinus tabulaeformis, Gingo Biloba, Ulmus pumila, Gleditsia japonica, Syringa oblate and Ligustrum obtusifolium in Shenyang were 168.66tC•y-1, 104.86tC•y-1, 14.48 tC• y-1, 12.16 tC• y-1, 3.56tC•y-1, 1.27tC•y-1, 4.07tC•y-1 and 1.33tC•y-1, respectively. Isoprene and monoterpenes emissions pattern were depended on tree species. Populus alba × berolinensis, Salix babylonica, Syringa oblate and Ligustrum obtusifolium mainly emitted isoprene (64.5-99.7%). Other 4 tree species mainly emitted monoterpenes, amounted to 66.0-94.1% of total emission. Pinus tabulaeformis mainly emitted α-pinene. Ulmus pumila and Gleditsia japonica mainly emitted limonene. Gingo Biloba emitted isoprene and limonene, accounted for 33.99% and 39.53%, respectively. The grade of emission rates of isoprene and monoterpenes from 8 tree species was classified. Populus alba ×berolinensis was a high isoprene and monoterpenes emission tree species in summer. Salix babylonica was a medium isoprene and high monoterpenes emission tree species over growth season. These data demonstrate that rate and flux of the isoprene and monoterpenes emission from planting tree species in urban must be considered on selection of planting tree species for urban atmospheres environment.