Advanced Materials Research Vols. 183-185

Abstract: The work attempts to study the surface hydrophobicity (S0) of soy protein isolate（SPI）-guar gum(GG) systems for biomaterial. Effect of four factors on the S0 values of the mixtures were studied. A response surface analysis was carried out using the Box-Behnken Design (BBD)method in order to determine the effects and interactions of pH (6.0, 8.0, 10.0), salt(0.05, 0.15, 0.25M), guar gum(0.10, 0.30, 0.50% w/v) and SPI concentrations (3, 4, 5% w/v) on the S0 values of mixtures. The datas were fitted into second order quadratic model. Salt concentration, pH and SPI concentration, interactions between pH and salt concentration, pH and GG concentration, pH and SPI concentration, GG and SPI concentrations were significant(P<0.05).

Abstract: Inappropriate applications of phosphorus (P) in agricultural production lead to the leaching loss of P, which subsequently contributes to the eutrophication of water bodies. A leaching experiment using unsaturated intact soil columns was conducted to study the influence of fertilizer application on leaching of phosphorus in a gley meadow soil at different fertility levels (low-, medium and high fertility levels). The soil column at each fertility level received three fertilization treatments (control [CK], manure [M] and chemical fertilizer [F]). The results indicated that the leaching loss of total P (TP) from the soil column was induced by the P input from either manure or chemical fertilizer application, and the extent of leaching loss of P was also positively related to the soil fertility level. In addition, the TP concentrations in the leachates from all fertilization treatments exceeded the critical value for water eutrophication (0.02 mg P/L). This suggests that applications of manure and chemical fertilizer at proper rates with close consideration of the soil fertility level are essential to reduce the leaching loss of TP to the environment.

Abstract: In order to analyze the variations of climate warming and human body comfort index on the basis of homogenized correction, the daily meteorological data from 1960 to 2009 in Beijing are examined. According the investigations, some conclusions could be drawn. Firstly, in the last 50 years, the warming rate is 0.39/10a in Beijing, but the warming is unsymmetrical. The warming rate of annual average lowest temperature is obviously higher than that of annual average highest temperature. Secondly, the main discomfort climatic factor is cold discomfort, while thermal discomfort is rare, so is extremely cold discomfort. Thirdly, climate warming and body comfort index are closely correlated in Beijing. The overall trend resulted in by climate warming is the rising in the number of comfortable days, declining in the number of uncomfortable days, and the rate of change is increasing. What’s more, investigations also show that, the heating (cooling) degree days in Beijing dropped (rose) obviously, suggesting that the energy consumption for air conditioners will increase in summer and decrease in winter in Beijing in the future .

Abstract: The liquefaction of corncob in polyhydric alcohols was investigated by using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Results showed that the best liquefaction could be obtained with residue percent of 4.5% under the conditions with the corncob/polyhydric alcohols mass ratio of 1/5, reaction temperature of 150°C, reaction time of 60 min, catalyst amount of 3% (based on the weight of corncob), PEG 400/glycerin mass ratio of 7/3 in the polyhydric alcohols, respectively. The liquefied liquid products had acid number of 18.9 mg KOH/g and hydroxyl number of 616.3mg KOH/g, respectively.

Abstract: Nowadays the sauce wastewater is doing greater harm to the water environment in China. In order to tackle this problem, the temperature influence on the sauce wastewater treatment effect was investigated. The results showed that when the temperature is 22～32°C the ammonia nitrogen removal effect was good and the ammonia nitrogen removal rate could reach more than 90%. The temperature had no obvious influence on nitrate for sauce wastewater. When the temperature is 22～32°C, the effluent orthophosphate concentration could reach about 1mg/L and the removal efficiency could reach about 70% with aeration time 2.5 h. Thus the sauce wastewater removal effect could be influenced by the temperature.

Abstract: A genetic diversity analysis was conducted, of 14 wild Auricularia auricula strains and 6 cultivated strains from DaXing'anling region by SRAP and ITS markers. Using PCR-SRAP system, we selected 9 pairs of primers for the wild and cultivated strains respectively, and analyzed their genetic diversity through clustering analysis. The results were as follows: 88 fragments were amplified, and the polymorphic bands were 76. The PIC (polymorphism information content) value of these markers varied from 0.048 to 0.918, averaging 0.599. Kinship of Auricularia auricula strains was determined by analyzing their ITS sequences. The software ClustalX 1.83 and MEGA 4.1 were used to conduct the phylogeny analysis. The results were as follows: ITS 1, 5.8 S, ITS2 had as many genetic loci as 52.1%. Cluster analysis of the two kinds of markers were congruous and there were more genetic diversities in wild strains than in cultivated strains. SRAP and ITS techniques can be used to analyze the genetic diversity in the future study.

Abstract: Activated carbon filter is often used as the pretreatment process of nanofiltration or reverse osmosis membrane system, especially when the content of organics and free chlorine in influent water is high. However, a lot of microorganisms often rapidly reproduce in the activated carbon filter after continuous operation, resulting in a large number of bacteria in the effluent. So when the activated carbon filter was used as pretreatment of membrane systems, membrane fouling caused by biological contamination often occurred. The objective of this paper was to discuss how to effectively control the activated carbon biological contamination. Three different control methods—water backwashing, hot alkali treatment and ultrasound treatment were compared. Results showed that ultrasound treatment was the most effective. A relatively high removal efficiency of biomass (above 90%) was obtained when 40 kHz ultrasound was applied at 90 W for 20 min. Bacterial count in the effluent can be decreased from 3.90×104CFU•mL-1 to 8.5×10³CFU•mL^-1. After 3 days of continuous operation, bacteria count increased from 8.5×10³CFU•mL^-1 to 4.06×10⁴CFU•mL^-1. After ultrasound treatment, the removal efficiency of CODCr increased from -386.3% to 73.8%.

Abstract: An integrated process including Fenton-oxidation coagulation and sedimentation was utilized to treat ion-exchange resin regenerating wastewater in order to investigate the best suitable treatment conditions of coagulation-sedimentation process with PFS and PAM as coagulants. The performance of the integrated process is much better than that of the coagulation-sedimentation process. Experimental results show that coagulation-sedimentation process method on ion exchange resin regenerating wastewater is efficiency. Results showed that COD and conductivity was 45.6 mg•L^-1 and 864.7μs•cm^-1.

Abstract: A bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus brevis KLDS1.0373 which was isolated from “Jiaoke”, a traditional, naturally fermented cream from Inner Mongolia in China was reported in this article. The bacteriocin was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by sequential gel filtration chromatography, and the apparent molecular weight of the partially purified bacteriocin was estimated at approximately 3.8 kDa.

Abstract: Indium antimony(InSb) is one of the important materials which can be used to make semiconductor devices such as infrared detection device. Due to the low hardness and great brittleness, the surface scratching always appears and surface roughness is hard to lower during surface preparation. So it should be increasing the InSb surface quality during ultra precision machining. In this paper the InSb surface adsorption-control technology was introduced. Through controlling surface roughness during chemical mechanical polishing(CMP) and using preferential adsorption during cleaning, the adsorptions of InSb surface were controlled. Through experiments, the CMP optimal process parameters under the alkaline conditions were gotten. Under such conditions, the preferable surface state was realized. According to the preferential adsorption model, through using FA/O non-ionic surfactant the polished wafer surface can be kept in physical adsorption and easy cleaning state, so the wafer surface adsorption can be controlled effectively and the clean surface was obtained.