Advanced Materials Research Vols. 183-185

Abstract: The phosphorous removal behaviors under higher and moderate organic loading and after different durations of anaerobic stages were studied in the reversed A2/O process. Under both loading, the length of anaerobic stages did not significantly affect the subsequent aerobic phosphorus uptake efficiencies. Under higher loading, the available carbon sources are adequate, prolonging anaerobic stages led to more released phosphorus from phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). However, the phosphorus uptake rate in aerobic stage was almost the same as that of lower loading. At an anaerobic reaction time of 2.0 h, the corresponding specific aerobic phosphorus uptake rate achieved the highest value (6.13 mg/(L.h)). These results can help to determine the anaerobic hydraulic retention time in the reversed A2/O process.

Abstract: The effect s of aeration time on the treatment of brewery wastewater in SBR reactor were investigated by using synthetic brewery wastewater. The experimental result indicates that under the condition of influent COD is 300～650mg/L, the temperature is 25°C, continual aerations is 2.5 h and sludge density is 2000～3000 mg/L, the reactor has a good degeneration ability of COD and NH4+-N in simulation brewery wastewater，removal rate can reached 90 % or more，phosphate removal efficiency was above 70%. so the SBR technology is feasible．

Abstract: Potato virus Y (PVY) is one of the most important viruses that infect Solanaceous crops. In the study, the antigenic epitopes were predicted using computer-assisted analysis, and many potential regions of antigenic epitopes were located. Many properties of coat protein, such as the antigenic index, α-helix, β-sheet, β-turn, coil structure, hydrophilicity, surface probability, and flexibility, were analyzed with several algorithms in some softwares. Based on the rules for location the antigenic epitopes in the regions including β-turns and coil structures with the high hydrophilicity and surface probability, the predicted epitopes were located in the region of amino acid position 8-22, 24-38, 45-55, 240-255, respectively. It is helpful to prepare the antiserum of PVY based on the prediction result of antigenic epitope.

Abstract: Based on the monitoring data of air quality and meteorological data from 2003 to 2009 in Beijing, the change of air quality and pollutants concentration are analyzed, and their relationship with meteorological conditions are figured out. The results showed below.(1)The annual average value of API (Air Pollution Index) decreased from 2007 gradually, and the value of 2008 is equal to 86.3% of 2007. As to monthly changing trend of API, the value in April is highest, and is lowest in august. API in summer is lowest relatively in all-year, and it is worst in spring. (2)The pollutants concentration of PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and NOX showed decreasing trends from 2006 to 2009. The monthly changing trends of PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and O3 were different. The monthly average concentrations of NOX SO2, NO2 and NOX were lowest in July, while the high values appeared in different month.(3)Correlation between pollutant concentration and meteorological conditions are figured out: SO2, NO2 and NOX are negative related to temperature, wind speed and sunlight hours and positive related to humidity, while O3 is adverse. PM2.5 is well related to relative humidity and cloud cover. PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and NOX are all positive related to wind speed.(4)The air quality and pollutant concentration displayed significant in different under each wind direction. When north wind blows, the average value of API is lowest relatively and south wind is adverse. The concentration of PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and NOX are lower when Beijing is controlled by the north wind or north-west wind.

Abstract: The crystallinity of wood is an important property of wood materials, it has an important effect on the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of cellulose fibers such as MOR, density, hardness increase, alpha-cellulose content, dimensional stability, moisture regain and dye sorption, chemical reactivity etc. The aims of this study were to investigate the ability of near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) to predict the crystallinity of white pine wood and the effect of spectra pretreatment on the prediction of crystallinity using NIR. Spectra were collected from wood powder a slowly rotating turntable and the crystallinity of wood was determined by X-ray diffractmeter (XRD) in this experiment. The results showed that NIR coupled with partial least square (PLS) method could be correlated with the crystallinity of white pine wood, and the ability of NIR prediction based on first derivative spectra was better than based on raw spectra or second derivative pretreated spectra. There was a significant correlation between NIR spectra and XRD determined crystallinity. The correlation coefficient for calibration (RC) was 0.932; the mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) was 0.022; the correlation coefficient for validation (RV) was 0.911; the mean square error of calibration (RMSEV) was 0.023. It was proved that NIR can rapidly and accurately predict white pine wood crystallinity.

Abstract: Poly γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a kind of water soluble and biodegradable polymer, which is nontoxic toward humans and the environment. Therefore, the potential applications of γ-PGA and its derivatives have been of interest in a broad range such as food, cosmetics, medicine, water treatment and agriculture. This paper summarizes γ-PGA synthesis pathways in microorganisms, producing strains, fermentation parameters, as well as separation and purification methods. In addition, the prospect of γ-PGA application on agriculture was introduced, pointing out the problems and the future trends in research and application of γ-PGA.

Abstract: Double, three factor-test and orthogonal designs were employed to study the effect of protective agent, membranolytic agent, activating agent, denaturalization temperature and denaturalization time on SOD extracted from pig and bovine blood block. The results of double and three factor-tests show that the variance between pig and bovine blood block was obviously significant (P<0.01). The mixture protective agent was better than single, the best was 1.5% galactosylglucose + 0.5% β-cyclodextrin + 0.25% PEG, and the better membranolytic agent was 3% Triton X-100 + 0.5% n-butyl alcohol for bovine blood, and 3% Triton X-100 for pig blood. The optimal dosage of protective agent was 20% of blood block weight, the optimal dosage of membranolytic agent was 15-20% of blood block weigh, and the best optimal dosage of activator was 2.5%. The best optimal combination of orthogonal experiment for bovine blood block was A2B2C2, and the best optimal combination of pig blood was A1B1C2. Under those conditions, the activity of SOD exceeded 3000 U/mg protein.

Abstract: The determination of index weight is very important in the process of analyzing the comprehensive effects of external conditions on the biochemical Information of organisms, but it is very hard to determine the index weights. In order to solve the above issue, a non-parametric comprehensive analysis method for multi-index biochemical information is given in this paper. This method not only can measure the effective degree of processed condition through comparing the processed group and the standard group, but also can find out the indexes which cause the processed group to be inefficient and theirs influence degree. Then, the formula that is used to measure the effectiveness of biological information, the formula that is used to measure the effectiveness of the processed conditions are given by applying above method. Finally, all the methods are applied to analyze the comprehensive effects of different electric field intensity on the biochemical indexes of wheat seedlings. The research results shows that the comprehensive effects of electric field on the biochemical indexes of wheat seedlings is best when the electric field intensity is reach 4.0kV/cm. Moreover, the change of its biochemical effect is vibration with the raising of the electric field intensity.

Abstract: The use of potassium permanganate on the micro-pollutants in the Songhua River water for pre-oxidation, the results showed: potassium permanganate oxidation of organic compounds in water on the Songhua River (CODMn, UV254, TOC) has better removal effect; on cloud degree, have some ammonia removal; little effect on color removal. Potassium permanganate in neutral organic pollutants in the Songhua River water has a good removal.

Abstract: The indoor air quality influences human body’s comfort and health seriously, and polluted indoor air will not only affect human’s health, but also decrease people’s work efficiency, therefore, the detection and control technology of indoor air pollution is the focus and difficulty of scientific research now. This paper introduces the current main pollutant and their hazard of indoor air in China first, then takes the eight houses in a plot of Huizhou city, Guangdong province as examples, and studies their indoor air pollution condition and reason by detecting and analyzing their pollutant contents. At the same time, some effective measures of precaution and control on indoor air pollution in China are proposed in the end of this paper.