Advanced Materials Research Vols. 183-185

Abstract: The activated carbon was prepared firstly by soaking sugarcane bagasse in 0.39% AlCl3 solution, and then by carbonization in a charcoal kiln at 400oC for 2 days and activation in a muffle furnace at 900°C for 100 minutes. The adsorption removal of phosphorus from aqueous solution by the prepared activated carbons was studied in a batch adsorption system. The amount of phosphorus adsorbed per unit mass of adsorbent decreased from 1.13 to 0.33 mg/g and the removal percentage of phosphorus increased from 22.64 to 99.27% with increasing adsorbent dosages from 100 to 1500 mg in 50mL solution of the initial phosphorus concentration of 10mg/L. With increasing phosphorus concentrations from 1 to 30 mg/L, the amount of phosphorus adsorbed increased from 0.06 to 1.11 mg/g and the percent adsorption decreased from 91.93 to 57.34%. The dynamical data fit very well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2>0.9962) and the Langmuir model agreed well with the experimental data (R2>0.9648).

Abstract: In order to analyze microbial community and phylogenesis in nitrosification biofilm reactor, a partial stretch of the gene encoding the active-site polypeptide of ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) was amplified and the gene libraries were constructed. The result of gene sequences and phylogenetic analysis showed that Nitrosomonas eutropha was the predominant species in the reactor. Besides, there were also some kinds of ammonia-oxidizing microbe uncultured in the system. PCR-SSCP analysis of 16SrDNA of archaebacteria and eubacterium indicated that with the rising of ammonia oxidation rate, the structure and distribution of microbial community was influenced and the diversity of microbial communities decreased, and the decreasing of specificity in the reactor might be the key factor for the rising of ammonia oxidation rate.

Abstract: In order to investigate the characteristic of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), the air and water samples were collected. The air samples were extracted and identified by GC/MS. The atmospheric VOCs species from all WWTP units were tested. It was shown that the main fugitive sources were primary clarifier and the room of sludge dewatering. The numbers were 33 and 30. The total species of VOCs emitted varied with a range of 16 to 33. The relationship between VOCs species and the change of water quality were discussed. The increasing of VOCs species was related with the higher SUVA, and the molecular weight of VOCs species in air sample gradually become lower along the wastewater treatment process. In the wastewater treatment process，the function of microbe did not contribute the whole effort on the removing of organic pollutants. VOCs volatilized from water phase could also reduce organic pollutants in water phase. In the whole WWTP, the main VOCs species were alkyl with small molecular weight, aromatic hydrocarbon material and naphthalene. Halogenated hydrocarbon was detected in primary treatment unit and anoxic tank.

Abstract: The amount of soil inorganic N declined significantly with increasing of sampling depth and sampling time (P < 0.001). Compared with CK, application of untreated pig manure and slurry increased significantly the amount of soil inorganic N by 76.0% and 156.1%, respectively (P < 0.001). Compared with CK, application of untreated pig manure increased significantly the amount of soil NH4+-N by 33.7%, however, application of untreated pig slurry decreased remarkably that of soil NH4+-N by 7.4% (P < 0.001). Application of untreated pig manure and pig slurry increased significantly the amount of soil NO3--N by 86.9% and 198.0%, respectively compared with CK, (P < 0.001). Soil NO3--N accounted for the majority of soil inorganic N irrespective of fertilization treatment or sampling time, its percent were 80.13%, 84.27% and 92.63% in the CK, pig manure and pig slurry treatments, respectively. This result indicated that application of untreated pig manure and slurry increased significantly the amount of soil inorganic N, especially soil NO₃--N, which occurred the potential risk of nitrate pollution.

Abstract: Castor stalk is one of excellent woody materials.which is the byproduct of the castor oil plant. Itwas usually burnt without use at all when the castor seed were harvest. To use this resource, we studied the castor stalk based panel made with different resin including UF, PF and MDI resin. The results show that the properties of castor stalk based particle panel made with UF and MDI resin by certain techniques can reach the requirement of the standard of China expect the castor stalk based particle board with PF resin which will be studied further more.

Abstract: Effects of drought stress on the seed germination and physiological characteristics of amaranth were investigated. The results were as follows: the germination rate and germination potential of amaranth decreased with the increasing of PEG-6000 concentrations. Meanwhile, the root length, shoot length and peroxidase (POD) activity were significantly increased at lower PEG-6000 concentrations, but then decreased with the increasing of PEG-6000. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, proline content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were all significantly increased under drought stress, and reached the top at 20% PEG-6000. These findings indicated that amaranth tolerates drought stress through increasing the activities of SOD and POD and accumulating proline content.

Abstract: Using conventional flocculent activated sludge as seeding sludge, two types of mature aerobic granular sludge were respectively cultivated in the same two sequencing batch reactors (SBR) by promoting and inhibiting filamentous bacteria growth. In R1 reactor the mature aerobic granular sludge was cultivated by promoting filamentous bacteria growth, and the whole cultivation process lasted for 15d. At the same time, another kind of mature aerobic granular sludge was cultivated in R2 reactor by restraining filamentous bacteria growth, and the whole cultivation process lasted for 120d. The comparative analysis showed that the sludge granules produced in R1 reactor had a settling velocity of 45 m/h, SVI (sludge volume index) of 35~45 mL/g, SOUR (sludge oxygen consumption rate) of 1.35 mg/(g•min) and main diameter distribution ranged 2~4 mm; while the sludge granules cultivated in R2 reactor had a settling velocity of 61 m/h, SVI of about 30 mL/g, SOUR of 1.21 mg/(g•min) and main diameter distribution ranged 1~1.6 mm.

Abstract: The fungicide chlorothalonil is considered to be non-selective and used commonly to control a broad spectrum of plant diseases. Effects of Chlorothalonil on soil microbial community were investigated at recommended rates by Biolog-Eco detecting method. The results showed AWCD values of treatment were all lower than untreatment in three soil layers. At the initial stage, AWCD values of all treatments were lower than the control, and its changing trends were different between surface, upper layers and under layers. The trendency was similar showing increased during two months and decreased till tweleve months in upper and under layer control soil after chlorothalonil application. For upper and under layer treated soil, the trend indicated decreased during two months, then increased at the period of 2-4 months, finally decreased till 12 months. Principle component analysis facilitied for average optical density in different layers of soil microbial community while largely carbon sources had similar loadings before spraying and two months later. The ability of single carbon conversion ratio of soil microbial community obviously improved after chlorothalonil spraying. chlorothalonil residue in soil was determined accompanying with time after chlorothalonil treatment.The fluctuation tendency was all declined accompanying with times after spraying chlorothalonil.In conclusion, chlorothalonil has effects on soil microbial community of Larix artificial forest.

Abstract: A moderately halophilic bacterium CNY0813 was isolated from the seabed sediment of Liaodong Bay . 16S rDNA alignment and phylogenesis analysis showed that CNY0813 was a member of Haererehalobacter genus, but identification and growing characteristics reactions results showed that it distinctly differed from many other species of Haererehalobacter, even Haererehalobacter ostenderis, which was the only species of Haererehalobacter. It is probably a new species.

Abstract: A new hybrid algorithm that incorporates the gradient algorithm into the orthogonal genetic algorithm is presented in this paper. The experiments showed that it can achieve better performance by performing global search and local search alternately. The new algorithm can be applied to solve the function optimization problems efficiently.