Advanced Materials Research Vols. 183-185

Abstract: The effects of pulsed white light, input voltage, biological load, pH and turbidity on inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus in drinking water were studied. The results showed that the effect of pulsed white light on the inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus in drinking water was very significant. The concentration of S. aureus reduced to 1.0×101cfu/ml as the pulsed white light flashed for 8 times when the input voltage was 3000v. The inactivation increased with the plus of input voltage, and decreased with the added of biological load. The inactivation kept all most the same when pH is 5.0~9.0, and the effect of turbidity was not obvious when the turbidity was 5~25.

Abstract: In this paper, we researched the activity of the trichoderma viride and trichoderma koningi, and measure the enzyme activity of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and filter paper activity (FPA) of them. And then, mixed trichoderma viride and trichoderma koningi to determine the optimal conditions, which according to influence of the revolutions, the layer of gauze, temperature. It turned out that the effective conditions was: 150r/min of revolutions, 3 layers of gauze, two wafer with 2 cm in diam of inoculum size and 30°C.

Abstract: The high level phylogenetic relationships within Harmonia. axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) was investigated based on nucleotide data from two molecular markers (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA), along with those of four species obtained from GenBank, including Adalia bipunctata, Calvia quatuordecimguttata, Coccinella septempunctata, Propylea quattuordecimpunctata as outgroup taxa to construct NJ (Neighbor Joining), MP (Maximum Parsimony) and Bayesian trees using Mega 4.0, PAUP (Version 4.0 b10) and Mrbayes (version 3.1.2) software packages. Nucleotides composition, pairwise distances, ratio of transition / transversion, considerable variable sites of those segments were analyzed. The results from phylogenetic trees indicated that H .axyridis var. spectabilis Fald. and H. axyridis ab. lunata Hem. had very close relationships. H. axyrisdis ab.½123456789-undevigintisignata Fald. and H. axyridis ab. succinea Hope. were closely related. H. axyridis var. axyridis Pallas. was an original group, and it had derived to be a independent forma earlier than the other 11 formas within H. axyridis according to the molecular phylogeny analyzing results. Previous hypotheses on the evolution of different color forms of H. axyridis Pallas based on morphological data was supported by our molecular systematic analyzing results.

Abstract: The spore laccase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LS01 was evaluated for its ability in decolorization of different synthetic dyes. The decolorization process was not efficient by the laccase alone. The addition of mediators could remarkably improve the efficiency of dye decolorization. Remazol Brilliant Blue R and reactive black 5 were resistant to decolorization for most mediators. Acetosyringone was proved to be the best mediator for the spore laccase, and a decolorization of 63−82% was achieved for all the tested dyes in the presence of acetosyringone. The results indicate that the spore laccase-mediator system could be used for the treatment of industrial dye effluents.

Abstract: Bacterial strains exhibiting laccase activity were isolated from the forest soil. A strain LC02 with syringaldazine oxidation ability was obtained using enrichment medium supplemented with copper ions. The isolated strain was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens using physiological and biochemical tests as well as 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The characterization of spore laccase activity was investigated. The result showed that the optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme was 6.6 and 70°C, respectively. A great thermostability was observed for the spore laccase at 70°C. Laccase activity was strongly inhibited by 0.1 mmol/L NaN3, dithiothreitol and cysteine.

Abstract: An experiment of treating anaerobic fermented hogpen sewage by improved A2/O reactor was carried out to study the influence factors affect the pollution mater reducing rate during the course of combine domestication. After anaerobic fermented cultivation course of hogpen sewage by A2/O technics, thought the treatment system’s parameters included hydraulics reside time (HRT), deliquescent oxygen (DO), and reflux ration of nitrate solution (r) to study the system’s treatment effect. The experiment results indicated that the improved A2/O process starts with a smooth flow mode, the effluent COD, NH3-N removal were steady at about 90%, TN removal rate of up to 60% of available, TP removal rate of 85%, according to the test results, taking into account the energy consumption problem, the best conditions for the system: DO= 3 mg / L, HRT =24 h, nitration liquid reflux ratio 3.

Abstract: Algae bloom in the Tai Lake is a major issue and affects the water supply to the surrounding cities greatly. Chlorophyll a (Chl-a) is a common indicator that represent the trophic status in lakes. Spatial and temporal variations of Chl-a concentration are analyzed on the basis of sample data at 21 sites during the period of 2001 to 2005. Data at the sites located in the Meiliang Bay, Zhushan and Wulihu show greater fluctuations than that at other sites. A general trend showing that high values in northern part and low values in southern part of the Tai Lake is observed in seasonal mean values of Chl-a concentration for four seasons. Most high Chl-a concentrations occurred in summer (June to August) and autumn (September to November). Quantitative relationships between Chl-a and other water quality factors are investigated at all sites. Relative good relationships are obtained between Chl-a concentration and other water quality factors during 2001 to 2004 by using partial least squared regression. Prediction of Chl-a concentration in 2005 with above models produce worse results, which may be due to the occurrence of some extreme high values of Chl-a concentration in that year. Even though, acceptable predictions are obtained at several sites. Since the water quality in the lake is affected greatly by the inflow of nutrients from rivers, these relationships will be helpful for monitoring Chl-a variation with the combination of hydrological models that is able to simulate the inflow of nutrients.

Abstract: Cellulosic ethanol has become a hotspot in recent years. However, its crystal structure makes the efficiency of cellulosic degradation by cellulase very low. Traditional ways to disrupt of connection between microfiber consumes a deal of energy and would pollute the environment as well. Plant expansin is known to loosen the plant cell wall, and might provide a synergistic effect on the activities of cellulase. Whereas, the expression level of expansin in plants has been a limit to the functional study and application in cellulose degradation. Thus, it is essential to screen expansin proteins for biomass deconstruction and express them effectively in vitro. Therefore, we cloned expansin gene LeEXP2 from tomato leaves and obtained recombinant Pichia yeast strains integrated with LeEXP2 gene. When incubated in the same culture condition, recombinant strains can secrete the LeEXP2 protein to extracellular medium, while wild-type strain cannot. Preliminary cellulose degradation experiment confirmed that the secreted protein had synergistic the effect of cellulose hydrolysis by cellulase. The experiments of extension strength of filter-paper strips shows that LeEXP2 has a texture-loosening effect on the filter paper, which might make cellulase prone to access cellulose. Above data suggests that LeEXP2 could be expressed effectively in vitro and might become a kind of potential biochemical agent applied in cellulosic biomass conversion for bioenergy production.

Abstract: This work studies the effect of imput voltage, number of pulsed,juice thickness, total soluble solids and suspended pulp on the inactivation of E. coli inoculated in an orange juice. The levels of microbial reduction was a direct correlation with the imput voltage and number of pulsed,a negative correlation with the juice thickness and the suspended pulp. In orange juice E. coli decreased by 2.3 log and 1.6 log after number of pulsed of 256 or 64,imput voltage of 4kV,respectively. These results indicate that this PL device could be used to improve microbial safety of orange juice.

Abstract: In this work, the mesoporous zeolite molecular sieve (ZMS, SBA-15) was modified by polyhedral ologomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) with sodium carboxylates(-COONa) and sodium sulphonate (-SO3Na) as ion-exchanging active group. With this approach, the capacity of removing ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) in water will be greatly increased because of changing and increasing of active groups. The exchangeing process between NH3-N and the active group in the pore of POSS modified SBA-15 including sodium silanolate (-SiONa), -COONa and -SO3Na was simulated by using Dmol3 program of the Materials Stutio (MS)software which is the quantum chemistry program based on density functional theory (DFT). In the simulation process the transition state of the exchanging reaction was searched with LST/QST algorithm and the activation energy of reaction was calculated. As the results of simulation and calculation, the activation energy of exchanging reaction between NH3-N and sodium sulphonate (-SO3Na) is smallest and the thermal effect of exchanging reaction between NH3-N and -SO3Na is lowest in all exchanging reactions, which means the exchanging reaction between NH3-N and -SO3Na proceeds more easily than others two exchanging reactions. The POSS-SO3Na is a better modifier for SBA-15 to remove NH3-N in water.