Advanced Materials Research Vols. 233-235

Abstract: Constant Volume Combustion Bomb (CVCB) is a useful experimental system in the internal combustion basic research. A new structure of CVCB was designed in this paper. Its solid model and finite element model were built through Pro-Engineer and ANSYS software. Then the strength was calculated and the structure was optimized to get the smallest volume with ANSYS. According to the optimization results, the volume decreased 50%.

Abstract: Using CTAB as the mesostructure directing agent, a novel micro/mesoporous composite material of Beta-MCM-48 was synthesized and self-assembled from nanocrystal Beta solutions by two-step hydrothermal method in this study. The typical physico-chemical properties of material were characterized by the techniques and measurements of BET surface area, pore volume, pore size, XRD and TEM. Based on the characterization results, it could be found that BM48 composite simultaneously possessed BEA microporous structure and cubic Ia3d mesoporous structure, and the degree of mesoporous order was comparably uniform, which construct a suitable gradient of micro/mesopore structures and facilitated the diffusion of large size reactant molecules. The HDS performance in a microreactor indicated that NiMo/ABM48 series catalysts with different BM48 contents and various Mo loadings showed better hydrodesulfurization performances compared with the conventional NiMo/Al₂O₃ catalyst, and the optimal content of BM48 in the supports was 20 m%, and the suitable loading of Mo in the catalyst was 15 m%. The best HDS efficiency reached 98.3% and the corresponding sulfur content in product was 23.02 µg•g^-1, which met the sulfur regulation of Euro IV ultra clean diesel specification.

Abstract: An experiment was carried out to use plate–type silicone rubber membrane equipped bioreactor with bubbleless oxygen supplying for the treatment of domestic sewage. The effects of hydraulic load, COD_cr entrance concentration and oxygen pressure on the discharge concentrations of COD_cr, BOD₅ and NH₃-N were investigated. The results showed that the discharge concentrations of the three pollutants were 18.6 mg· L^-1, 9.33 mg· L^-1 and 3.56 mg·L^-1 respectively when hydraulic load was 0. 25 m³·m ^-2·h^-1 and entrance concentrations of COD_Cr , BOD₅ and NH₃-N were 220 mg·L^-1 , 140 mg·L^-1 and 45 mg·L^-1, respectively. These values are lower than the standard ones regulated in the 《Emission Standards of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant 》(GB/18918-2002) issued by Chinese government . The degrading dynamic models of COD_cr and BOD₅ were established and proved to be basically consistent with the experiment values.

Abstract: An effective emulsion liquid membrane system with P507 as carrier, Span-80 as surfactant and H₂SO₄ as internal aqueous phase was established to treat Ni(Ⅱ)-containing wastewater. The effects of volume fraction of Span-80 in the oil phase(φ(Span-80)), emulsifying stirring speed(ν₁), separation stirring speed(ν₂), volume fraction of P507(φ(P507)), volume ratio of oil phase to internal phase(R_oi), milk phase to water phase(R_ew) and concentration of H₂SO₄ in internal aqueous phase on Ni(Ⅱ) migrating rate have been investigated in the course of migrating of nickel ions in the system. The optimal operation conditions were determined to be: φ(Span-80)=8.5%,ν₁ =3600 r·min^-1,ν₂ =320 r·min^-1, φ(P507)=6.5%, R_oi =1:1, R_ew =2:5 and c（H₂SO₄）=1.6 mol·L^-1 ,under which the migrating rate of nickel ions reached above 97%.

Abstract: Two cofrequency ultrasonic fields were coupled directly by ultrasonic stationary coupling system to clarify Fe₂O₃/kerosene sludge medium and achieve the separation of Fe₂O₃/kerosene. Experimental results show that when sound intensity is close to 80% of the cavitation threshold value, stable stationary field can be formed in the sludge medium after the superposition of primary wave and secondary wave in the ultrasonic field. The acoustic radiation force drives Fe₂O₃ phase to cluster toward the wave node, the Fe₂O₃ phase above wave amplitude position floats by overcoming the gravity, and the Fe₂O₃ phase below wave amplitude position subsides so that the suspension effect occurs in the kerosene phase and the clarification and separation of sludge is achieved. When sound intensity is less than 30% of the cavitation threshold value, the suspension effect of ultrasonic field on kerosene phase disappears. In this case, kerosene phase floats on the surface of sludge medium but the separation of Fe₂O₃/kerosene cannot be realized.

Abstract: One new kind of gas distribution plate used for high concentration electrostatic precipitator (herein after briefing ESP) designed in this content in order to solve the problem that gas discharges can not reach the required standard existed in high concentration ESP. Research the influence that the structure type of gas distribution plate to gas flow distribution plate by compare and analysis the experimental object analogue and computer data analogue. Advantage the gas distribution plate design according to experiment and outstandingly improve the gas-purging performance of high concentration ESP and ensure the electric field section flows velocity evenly in industry application ESP.

Abstract: This experiment contrasted the hydrolytic effect of SPI among the six different proteolytic ferments and the Alcalase basic protein which can produce the best antioxygen peptide, the optimization technology condition of hydrolytic SPI determined by orthogonally experimentation: concentration of substrate 7.0%, the dozes of enzyme 9000U/g substrate, temperature 52.5°C, pH 8.5, the reaction time 5h. The antioxygen activity of hydrolysis product is researched from the capability of cleaning OH·, the capability of cleaning O2-· and the capability of inhibiting ROO·. After hydrolyze of 5h, the OH· inhibition ratio of the production is 36.43%, the activity of cleaning O2-· of the production is 317.73U/g, the ROO· inhibition ratio of the production is 46.24%.

Abstract: Three kinds of commercial PVA composite membranes with different crosslinking degrees (PVA-1, PVA-2 and PVA-3) were used to separate DMF/H₂O mixtures. Their pervaporation performance was investigated at different operation temperatures. The results showed that PVA-1 was the most suitable one for separating DMF/H₂O mixtures. When operation temperature was 60°C and downstream pressure was lower than 6kPa, flux reached to 0.59 kg·m^-2·h^-1 and separation factor was 33 for PVA-1 membranes. Aspen Plus^® was applied to simulate the normal distillation for retentate from pervaporation unit. Comparing with the two-effect distillation, the cost of concentrating DMF could be reduced 16.2% to 19.2% for DMF aqueous solution with different composition by hybrid processes. The cost would be the lowest for a hybrid process that concentrated the feed into 50wt% by pervaporation firstly, then concentrated retentate to 99.6wt% by two-effect distillation

Abstract: After gas quenching and granulated, the molten steel slag changed into droplets. The cooling and solidification process of the droplets have been analyzed and calculated in this paper. It was suggested that there were three phases such as liquid cooling phase, nucleation and recalescence phase, and solid cooling phase. During the cooling process, there were two heat transfer modes such as convection and radiation from droplets surface to environment. On the other hand, there was a great amount of latent heat released during nucleation and solidification process. The physical model of droplets cooling has been established on the basis of heat transfer theory. And then the mathematic model with nonlinear ordinary differential equations could be extracted, which could be solved through fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The declining law of droplets temperature along with the cooling time could be drawn by Matlab software. It takes 249ms, 83ms and 185ms for liquid cooling, nucleation and recalescence and solid cooling phase, respectively. In conclusion, it takes about 332ms to solidify entirely for the droplets, and 517ms to be cooled from 1723 to 1073K.

Abstract: In order to strengthen the thin coal slime settlement, and improve the efficiency of solid-liquid separation, in this paper, as the research object of Wuyang coal slime, carried out the studies on the effect of flocculation and settling with different inorganic electrolytes, and using electrophoresis analyzer, image analyzer and FTIR, characterized inorganic electrolytes effect on zeta potential of coal particles, floc size and surface functional groups. The results showed that: the effect of flocculation and falling, with CaCl₂ and non-ionic PAM, is better than several other inorganic electrolytes. When the amount of non-ionic PAM is 3ml, CaCl₂ best dosage is 4ml, corresponding to the initial falling speed is 24.49cm/min, supernatant turbidity is 22NTU. It has certain effect to the zeta potential of coal particles, floc size and the functional groups of coal surface after adding inorganic electrolytes.