Advanced Materials Research Vols. 233-235

Abstract: In this paper a new polymeric adsorbent ZH33 was prepared by chemical modification. The adsorption and desorption of this new adsorbent for m-trihydroxylbenzene were investigated by using static and dynamic scales. Comparing with commercial resin NDA-150, ZH33 could remove m-trihydroxyl- benzene more effectively from water, and better desorption performance was observed. Further study of mini-column experiment indicated that resin ZH33 could be well used in separation of m-trihydroxylbenzene from wastewater which contained 2,6-dichlorophenol simultaneously.

Abstract: In this paper, the role of hydrogen for quick coal liquefaction at high temperament (QCLHT) was investigated by liquefaction of Yanzhou coal using a 17ml tubular resonance agitation miniature batch reactor. The result shows (1) that QCLHT of Yanzhou coal without catalyst using mixed solvents with different mole ratio of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene to naphthalene shows that hydrogen hardly participate the reaction and active hydrogen mainly comes from hydrogen donor solvents and hydrogen-rich belonged to coal itself (2) For QCLHT,. high-dispersed iron-based catalyst (and cocatalyst sulfur) not only promotes the activation of dissolved hydrogen but also accelerates the pyrolysis of coal, which results in the increase of liquefaction total conversion and light component. Introduction

Abstract: In this paper, the mechanism for the formation of elemental sulfur from the modified Stretford process was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results showed that hydrosulfide (HS^-) is first oxidized to produce polysulfide ion (S_x^2-) which is reactive intermediate product and will further transform to form elemental sulfur S₈. Additionally, a free radical reaction mechanism which describes the formation of elemental sulfur S₈ was proposed.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to address the problem of discharge of distiller waste from Solvay process, and at the same time, to realize the production of soda ash from Glauber’s salt — natural ores containing sodium sulfate, or industrial byproduct sodium sulfate. Half-saturated and near-saturated brines were prepared by reacting simulated distiller wastes — aqueous solutions containing calcium chloride and sodium chloride, with sodium sulfate. Experimental results show that the dissolution of sodium sulfate controls the reaction rate and the final composition of the brines. Temperature plays a key role in promoting the dissolution of sodium sulfate therefore to the reaction result, especially to the preparation of near-saturated brine. With equivalent sodium sulfate, more than 90 percent of the Ca²⁺ can be deleted. The precipitate (gypsum or anhydrite) can be used to produce cement or other construction materials.

Abstract: Desizing-scouring-bleaching-dyeing of cotton fabrics in one-bath was discussed in this paper. The appropriate reactive dyes, refined enzyme and H₂O₂ elimination agent and dyeing technology parameters were selected preciously and the optimum conditions were obtained: H₂O₂ (30%) 4 g/L, refined enzyme 2 g/L, Na₂SiO₃ 2g/L, Peregal O 1 g/L, bath ratio 1:20, scoring and bleaching at 95°C for 45min. Then, adding sulfourea 12g/L, controlling pH 7, adding reactive red dye 3BS 3% in raffinate, dyeing at 35°C for 30min and fixing at 70°C for 30 min. Compared the one-bath process with the traditional one, the former can get similar performance on dyeing. In addition, the former shows such advantages as short time, high efficiency, low energy consumption and reduced sewage emission. “One-bath” dyeing process is a promising approach to replace the old one.

Abstract: The cold-pad-batch technology is applied mainly in the pretreatment and dyeing of cellulosic fabrics and shows lots of advantages such as technique simplicity, low energy consumption and reduced sewage emission especially for productions of multi item and short run. The degumming process of mulberry silk fabrics with “cold-pad-batch” method using tea sapogenin was studied in this paper. The effects of a few factors such as concentration of tea sapogenin, NaOH and Na₂S₂O₄ as well as time on the whiteness and weight loss of fabric obtained: NaOH 8g/L, tea sapogenin 6g/L, Na₂S₂O₄ 5g/L, Lamepon A 2g/L, JFC 1g/L, Na₂SiO₃ 2g/L and batching time 18h. After degumming with “cold-pad-batch” process, the whiteness and weight loss of mulberry silk fabrics were 69.3 and 22.8%, respectively. The handle of fabric was soft. Compared with traditional soap soda boiling degumming process, the properties of mulberry silk fabrics degummed with “cold-pad-batch” method using tea sapogenin can meet the requirement of weight loss, whiteness, strength and show some benefits such as low energy consumption and water saving and low toxicity. The energy consumption will be 25% lower than that of soap soda boiling degumming process.

Abstract: Circulating Fluidization Bed (CFB) for Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) is widely used. But its desulfurization efficiency is lower than Wet FGD. Its investment is not much lower than Wet FGD. Flow field of CFB for FGD is hard to be uniform. Swirl Composite Fluidization Mode (SCFM) was brought forward compared to Venturi Fluidization Mode (VFM). Experiment and simulation under cold condition was proceeded. From the test, flow field along axis and in cross-sections for SCFM are uniform. Turbulent velocity fluctuation is violent. And particles concentration is high. SCFM has better flow effect than VFM. Uniformity increases with higher superficial velocity and more tangential swirl devices. Recommended tangential swirl devices number is between 3-6. SCFM technology has good foreground.

Abstract: Difficulties such as deviation of flow field, ununiformity of axial velocity and temperature often appeared in semidry FGD with circulating fluidized beds. These caused lower desulfurization efficiency and were important reasons for particles adhering to wall. The composite fluidization mode of swirl-once through flow in DCFB-FGD was applied in a 145MW unit to the difficulties. As a result, uniformity of axial velocity and temperature for composite fluidization mode in the experimental diameters are better than that of traditional venturi fluidization mode. Desulfurization efficiency of composite fluidization mode is increased with Ca/S molar ratio increased and approach to adiabatic saturation temperature decreased. The desulfurization efficiency can be higher than 90% at lower Ca/S molar ratio and higher approach to adiabatic saturation temperature. System can operates stable for long time with a little phenomena of particles adhering to wall. So it suits the request of the semidry FGD with circulating fluidized beds and has better foreground. Introduction

Abstract: Methods of separating mixed isomers of nitrochlorobenzene (NCB) were reviewed and analyzed in this paper, A new integrated technology including multiple side-draw distillation and continuous crystallization was raised for refining of high-purity p-nitrochlorobenzene(p-NCB) and o-nitrochlorobenzene(o-NCB) from the NCB mixture. Eventually, over 99% purity of p-NCB and o-NCB can be obtained, and the comprehensive yield is higher than 90%. Compared with the traditional process, the new technology has obvious advantages due to its simple process, high separation efficiency, and low energy consumption.

Abstract: The Fe90Ni6Cu4 precursor powder was prepared by chemical co-precipitation taken FeSO₄·7H₂O, NiSO₄·6H₂O, CuSO₄·5H₂O and NaOH as raw materials. The Fe90Ni6Cu4 precursor powder shape was majority stick, its diameter was about 10nm, length was about 100nm. The reaction conditions were that concentration of Fe²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Cu²⁺ mix solution was 0.1mol·L^-1, NaOH solution concentration was 4 mol·L^-1, the dropping rate of NaOH solution was 50 ml·min^-1, the reaction temperature was 30°C, the pH value of the reaction end was 11, the stirring rate was 1200 r·min^-1. The Fe90Ni6Cu4 alloy powders were obtained through hydrogen reduction of the Fe90Ni6Cu4 precursor powders. When the hydrogen reduction temperatures lower, it’s the reaction speed slower. When the reduction temperature was 800°C, the restore time needed to the 1200sec. The Fe90Ni6Cu4 alloy powder particle’ size was 200-500 nm.