Advanced Materials Research Vols. 233-235

Abstract: Uniform design was adopted, and two factors, i.e., frozen at different time postmortem with six levels, thawing at different thawing rate with three levels, were considered. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), pH and sensory evaluation were measured to study the different effects of the two factors considered. The results showed: All the two factors considered had significant effects on pH and TBARS, and the effects of the two factors on them were nonlinear. But they had no significant effects on sensory evaluation. TBARS values representing the storage quality of raw sausages was only affected by thawing rate in the test, and had the maximum at the thawing rate of 3cm/h thawed in 19.5°C still air. So when using frozen raw meat for sausage production, selecting an appropriate thawing condition is very necessary.

Abstract: This work performed the chloromethylation study of LX1180 in an ultrasonic environment, and presented a novel method to realize high chloromethylation degree for high crosslinking MARs. During this process, Monochloromethyl ether and anhydrous zinc chloride was adopted as chloromethylation reagent and catalyst respectively, the influences of conditions on the chloromethylation degree were investigated and optimized systemically. The sample prepared under the optimization conditions possessed the chloromethylation degree of 2.87 mmol/g.

Abstract: The diffusion trajectory of NH₄⁺, the configuration of NH₄⁺ and water molecular in hydrated clinoptilolite and K⁺-NH₄⁺ ion exchange process in the channel of clinoptilolite were simulated using the Materials Studio 4.3 software package’s CASTEP module. The results show that among these four hydrogen atoms in NH₄⁺, only one is involved in the effective hydrogen bond with the oxygen atom in the framework. It was also proved that changing the distribution of the Al-site has no influence on the distribution of the extra-framework of NH₄⁺. The interaction between particles in the channel and the zeolite framework causes the K⁺-NH₄⁺ ion-exchange process to take place, which means that clinoptilolite possesses better selectivity to K⁺ than to NH₄⁺. The structure parameters of the final product agree well with the reference, which indicate the formation of K-clinoptilolite.

Abstract: Ionic liquids-modified Ni/Al₂O₃ catalysts are found to be alternatively excellent media for the heterogeneously catalyzed hydrogenation of halonitrobenzenes to corresponding haloanilines.It gives rise to higher selectivity and lower dehalogenation in the hydrogenating process compared with that observed in conventional nickel catalyst.

Abstract: A Tsukamurella sp. J8025 with the capability of removing the synthetic dyes (methyl orange) was isolated from activated sludge. The strain J8025 grew well in aerobic and semi-aerobic condition, but the best decolorization was in semi-aerobic culture (static condition). For the optimal decolorization, the most suitable pH and temperature were pH 6.0 and 30°C. More than 80% of methyl orange was decolorized in the LB medium within 4 days of incubation. The decolorization rate could be strongly promoted to over 90% in LB media with glucose within 2 days of incubation. This probability of reason for the consumed glucose as the best energy source was to enhance the cell growth and decolorization activity.

Abstract: At 953K, anodic over voltage by electrolyzing LiCl and Li₂CO₃ were measured respectively by continuous pulse oscillograph method in a mixture fused salt of LiCl-LiF in a laboratory electrolyte cell and the change of polarization curve obtained was studied as well. According to kinetics of electrode process theory, we calculated and analyzed anode reaction mechanism and reaction rate-determining step. The results indicate that when over voltage entered into the Tafel zone with current density in range of 0.1 to 0.3A·cm^-2, electrode reaction of LiCl is controlled by electrochemical polarization but electrode reaction of Li₂CO₃ is controlled by chemical polarization. With current density increase further beyond the Tafel zone (i>0.4A·cm^-2), electrode reaction is changing gradually from dual control influenced by electrochemistry or chemistry united with concentration polarization to single concentration polarization. While electrolyzing Li₂CO₃, it is complexing oxygen ions discharging on carbon anode slowly that determine the whole electrode reaction rate.

Abstract: Ammonium hydrogen carbonate is taken as the precipitating agent to prepare Pr-Nd carbonates from the raw material of Pr-Nd chloride solution. Pr-Nd oxides have been prepared at different calcination temperature in the range of 800°C-1500°C. The oxides were characterized by XRD and XPS.Calcination temperature effects on the structure of Pr-Nd oxides and the valence state of Pr in Pr-Nd oxides have been studied; Results showed that praseodymium oxide full entered into the lattices of neodymium oxide. The crystal structure changed from cubic into hexagonal system with increasing calcination temperature.The valence of Pr in Pr-Nd binary oxides are Pr³⁺ and Pr⁴⁺.

Abstract: The safety status of pipe bridge is often studied by fuzzy assessment. In fuzzy assessment, the structure importance must be calculated first. In this article, structure importance is calculated by Fault tree analysis(FTA) and Analytic hierarchy process(AHP). The result shows that the structure importance calculated by both methods is less than 30% different from each other. That means two methods are of high consistency and both is suitable for pipe bridge.

Abstract: The slug flow regime may be appeared in subsea gas-liquid pipeline of the offshore petroleum industry. The gas entrainment process and the gas bubble distribution in liquid slug are crucial for the model of slug flow. An experimental facility was constructed and the gas bubble distributions in the liquid slug were measured by the dual-tip conductivity probe. It is found that the entrained gas is broken up into small bubbles by the high turbulent shear stress in the turbulent shear layer in the mixing zone. The small bubbles are dispersed completely and the profiles of void fraction and bubble frequency have peaks in this layer. The mechanism of gas entrainment is also presented.

Abstract: Weakening phenomenon of argillaceous surrounding rock under water effect universal exists in the excavation and supporting process of roadway in coal mine, the destructive effect of water acting on the argillaceous surrounding rock serious threatens the coal mine safety production. In this paper, the application of chemical grouting material in the control process of argillaceous roadway under rich water condition was studied. Simultaneously the sealing and strengthening mechanism of chemical grouting and its advantages were also analyzed. A filed application of the technique was aslo conducted and the observation results in-situ identify that chemical grouting combined with high-performance supporting technology can effectively maintain the long-term stability of argillaceous roadway under rich water condition.