Advanced Materials Research Vols. 236-238

Abstract: A steam pretreatment method with low severity and post pretreatment with alkaline peroxide were investigated in this study with respect to the factors affecting delignification efficiency of Lespedeza Stalks. In alkaline peroxide procedure, four factors were compared to evaluate the lignin removal: substrate concentration (w/w), the ratio of peroxide to substrate (w/w), temperature and time. The remaining lignin of fractions from Lespedeza stalks steam pretreated at low severity was apparently reduced by post treatment with 1 g H₂O₂/g substrate at the substrate concentration of 1.67% under 60°C for 72h. Scanning electron microscopy images show that the samples with alkaline peroxide treatment have the smoother surface because of the elimination of lignin droplets and the fiber bundles individualized.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the hydrolytic potential of the cellulase produced by Trichoderma pseudokoningii and by Trichoderma koningii in the enzymatic hydrolysis of furfural residues with different cellulose content. The results showed that the glucose yield was improved by increasing the cellulose of the substrates. The maximum glucose yield of 83.7% was obtained when the substrates with cellulose content of 94.92%, which was hydrolyzed by the enzymes produced by Trichoderma pseudokoningii. The cellulolytic enzyme from Trichoderma pseudokoningii was found to have a high hydrolysis capability to the furfural residues and it possessed more efficient adsorption and desorption on the substrates. There was the nonproductive cellulase adsorption onto lignin in the enzymatic hydrolysis of the furfural residues by the cellulase preparations from T. strains.

Abstract: Enzymatic hydrolysis constitutes an attractive process configuration for ethanol production from biomass. However, the high enzyme addition contributes to a high process cost. This study shows that appropriate concentration of Gleditsia saponin could reduce the enzyme loading and increase β-glucosidase active. The optimal conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis process of furfural residues was at enzyme loading of 6 FPU cellulose/g substrate and 9 IU β-glucosidase/g substrate with 0.6 g/l of Gleditsia saponin. The enzyme loading could be reduced by 50% with addition of 0.64 g/l Gleditsia saponin during furfural residues hydrolysis. The β-glucosidase activity from hydrolysate with 0.64 g/l Gleditsia saponin was higher than that without any surfactants.

Abstract: Glass-ceramics materials based on rare earth tailings were prepared by conventional molten cooling method and crystallization process. The composition of the matrix glass was determined by the phase diagram of CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ and up to 60 wt% rare earth content was utilized. The phase composition and microstructure of the prepared glass-ceramics materials was tested and observed by DSC, XRD and SEM. The results show the predominant crystal phase of the prepared glass-ceramics is calcium silicate when crystallization temperature ranges from 950°C to 1050 °C. When crystallization temperature is 950°C, a large number of glass phase and spherical crystal with size of 20um coexisted. While the crystalline phase of calcium silicate turned to lamellar from spherical and glass phase disappeared when treating temperature increased to 1050°C.

Abstract: This work investigated sorption properties of diethylenetriamine derivative of chitosan (CTSN) for removal of acid dyes (Acid Green 25 (AG25), Acid Red 18 (AR18) and Acid Orange 10 (AO10)) from aqueous solutions. Sorption kinetics was firstly evaluated. It was found that pseudo-second-order model fits well with these dyes adsorbed on CTSN. Compared with normal chitosan, CTSN has higher capacity for AR18 and AO10, but a lower value for AG25. Mechanisms and interactions of dyes with CTSN were also discussed by study the effect of pH, influence of hydrogen-bonding and comparing the sorption capacities.

Abstract: Rice husk bio-oil composition is very complex, Presented in this study for water-insoluble bio-oil. They were fatherly extracted by organic solvent, such as petroleum ether (PE), carbon disulfide(CS₂), Tetrachloride(CCl₄) and benzene by step, the extract from which was analysised by GC/MS, This paper focuses on one of the benzene extract.

Abstract: The in situ treatment of disorderly discharged sewage by bio-film process with multiple enzymes stimulant was carried out in this study. The removal of the phenol in sewage was studied. The promotion of multiple enzymes stimulant on treatment of sewage by biofilm process was also investigated. The experiments results indicated that during the ebb tide, the remove rate of phenol was stable (88%) on the sixth day in the dosing pools and it was stable (83%) on the seventh day in the contrast pool. During the rising tide, the remove rate of phenol was stable (78%) on the sixth day in the dosing pools and it was stable (74%) on the seventh day in the contrast pool. It indicated that the bio-film process enhanced by dosing multiple enzymes stimulant possessed the promotion effect of pollutant removal. The bio-film process enhanced by bio-stimulant had good performance in treating the wastewater from discharging points of rivers, which had a broad practical application as assistant means of water body remediation.

Abstract: The paper studied enhanced treatment of sewage from discharging points of rivers by bio-film process dosing with enzyme and investigated the promotion effect of enzyme on treatment of sewage by bio-film process. The removal of phenol in sewage was also researched. The experiments results indicated that during the ebb tide, the remove rate of phenol was stable (33%) on the eighth day in the dosing pools and it was stable (31.6%) on the eighth day in the contrast pool. During the rising tide, the remove rate of phenol was stable (30%) on the eighth day in the dosing pools and it was stable (27.2%) on the eighth day in the contrast pool. It indicated that enzyme had good promotion effect on bio-film process during the sewage treatment process. Biological accelerator-bio-film process could effectively reduce the impact of sewage on river and it had a good application prospect as the auxiliary means for water restore.

Abstract: A novel intumescent flame retardant (IFR), melamine modified enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (MEHL), was synthesized and well characterized by FTIR and TGA. The results showed that the decompose temperature of MEHL is much higher than that of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL). In order to improve flame retardancy and dripping resistance of EPDM, MEHL and microencapsulated red phosphorus (MRP) were added into EPDM as IFR system. The flame ability and thermal stability of IFR and EPDM composites were investigated by UL-94 vertical burning test and LOI measurements. The results indicated that FV-0 was reached and the LOI value was 35 when per hundred rubber (phr) together with 12 phr MRP and 50 phr EHLM were added. SEM photos showed that the char residue was continuous, and a barrier between flame and rubber was formed, while there were also small holes in its surfaces. On all accounts, EHL used as a carbonization agent instead of petroleum chemicals, such as pentaerythritol, was more environmental friendly and beneficial to economy.

Abstract: Novel woodceramics were fabricated by camphora powder and phenolic resin modified by enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL). The chemical structure, phase identification and morphology of woodceramics were investigated by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that woodceramics possessed topologically homogenous structure and contained C-O-C, C–H and C =C bonds. EHL played an important role upon the microstructures of woodceramics. The disorder of woodceramics was reduced while content of EHL was increased.