Advanced Materials Research Vols. 236-238

Abstract: To prolong the shelf-life of chilled chicken and to reduce the drip loss in this meat and in prepared chicken products in refrigerated storage, a gelatin-based antimicrobial edible coating was developed that included nisin, EDTA and potassium sorbate. The chilled chicken breast and prepared chicken products were treated with the coating and were stored at 4°C in tray-packaging. The results showed that after treatment with the coating that included the optimal concentrations of the additives, the shelf life of the chilled chicken meat and the prepared chicken products was significant prolonged, the amount of drip loss of was significantly reduced from 4.88~5.90% to 0.67%~0.82%, and the color values were also improved during the early stage of the storage. We conclude that the gelatin-based antimicrobial edible coating with the optimization formula is an effective preservation material that can be applied as an inner packaging for the chicken and prepared chicken products under refrigerated.

Abstract: Early shrinkage of concrete includes plastic shrinkage before the final setting, drying shrinkage during hardening process and autogenous shrinkage. Concrete drying shrinkage which is caused by evaporation is a major factor for the concrete volume change. By ring constrained test and free shrinkage CONCEN test, this paper studies the impact of polypropylene fibers on the shrinkage properties of concrete at the early age. The test shows that the polypropylene fibers can significantly reduce the early shrinkage of concrete, the best content of C30 concrete should be 0.9kg/m³.

Abstract: Solid dispersions (SD) were prepared with naringenin and mannitol by the solvent evaporation method with three drying methods (vacuum drying, VD; microwave-vacuum drying, MVD; and spray drying, SPD). The SD was characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Powder X-ray Diffractometry (PXRD), Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). In vitro dissolution of naringenin and physical stability was investigated, and the energy consumption of different processing methods was measured. The results showed that the vitro dissolution rate and extent of naringenin was significantly improved by SD prepared with different drying methods compared to that of the pure drug and physical mixture (PM), and the dissolution rate of SD-SPD and SD-MVD was much higher than the SD-VD. The results of FT-IR showed that naringenin is possibly interacted with mannitol via intermolecular hydrogen bond; The PXRD showed that the crystallinity of the SD prepared with three drying methods was reduced sharply as compared with pure naringenin and PM. There results showed that the physical state of SD-MVD was more stable than SD-SPD and SD-VD that stored in the 40 °C/75% RH chamber in three month. Compared with other drying methods, the MVD method can save time and energy. These results suggest that MVD is feasible to replace the traditional time-consuming and low efficiency drying procedure for preparation of solid dispersions.

Abstract: The application of computational fluid dynamics(CFD) in the food industry such as drying, thermal sterilization, mixing, refrigeration and humidification of cold storage was reviewed. The results from previous studies have shown that CFD was a powerful numerical tool that is applied to model fluid flow situations and aid in the optimal design of engineering equipment and food process. With the development of computer technology, it is conceivable that CFD will continue to provide more explanations for physical modeling of fluid flow and process system design for the food industry.

Abstract: The octenyl succinate starch is a stabilization-modified starch produced by esterification of native starch with octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA). When modified in this way the starch tends to improve its functional characteristics, can be used to tailor starch to specific food applications. Therefore, optimization of reaction conditions of octenyl succinate starch is critical for modification. The preparation of OSA starches from potato starch in an aqueous alkaline solution was investigated. The reaction conditions, including reaction temperature, OSA concentration, concentration of starch slurry, reaction time and pH, were studied and optimized, as they influence esterification. Under the optimization conditions, the degree of substitution (DS) could reach 0.01862. The products were confirmed by the presence of the carbonxylate signal around 1558 cm^-1 in the fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra. By scanning electron microscope (SEM), OSA starch granules were proved to transfer to some smaller anomalistic ellipses and had slight rough on their surfaces. X-ray diffraction showed that esterification occurred primarily in the amorphous regions and the crystalline pattern of starches did not change. The thermal characteristics of the OSA starch were studied by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). TGA revealed that the OSA starch were thermally more stable than the native starch. The OSA starch exhibited 50 % weight loss at 320°C, while the native starch underwent 50 % weight loss at 312°C. The DSC results showed that amorphous region increased after esterification.

Abstract: Through the researches and discussions of each constituents of multi-resolution watershed model, the article comes to the conclusion that could apply the LOD(Level of Detail, LOD) technique , the blanking technique and so on to the deletions and replaces of DEM(Digital Elevation Model, DEM) data nodes and the unimportant watershed region in the multi-resolution watershed model, the remote sensing images, the multi-resolution building model, the multi-resolution flood routing model. The method could reduce the data quantity of valley model. The experiment has proved that the multi-resolution watershed model with the applications of this method could not only express three dimensional virtual large scene of the watershed better, but also make the visualization of the mass data model in real-time interactive manner in condition of the computer capability nowadays. This achievement has provided the new thought for the compression of remote sensing images and data transmission of WebGIS in real-time interactive manner.

Abstract: Emulsion type sizing agents for carbon fiber were prepared by phase inversion emulsification. Standing stabilization and particle size analysis measurements were used to characterize the sizing agents. Meanwhile, the processability and surface morphology of carbon fiber were investigated. The effect of sizing agents on interfacial adhesion of carbon fiber/resin composite was estimated by interlaminar shear strength(ILSS). The results showed that the sizing agent emulsified by polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ethers phosphate ester ammonium salt (NP-10 PA) and emulsifier 602 had good stabilization. The sizing agent could significantly improve processability of carbon fiber. SEM micrographs demonstrated that the sized carbon fiber had smooth surface. By adding epoxidized polybutadiene (EPB) and adjusting the ratio to epoxy resin (E-51), the flexibility of carbon fiber was ameliorated, the ILSS of composites was increased.

Abstract: In this paper, the preparation of 2, 6-diamino-3, 5-dinitropyridine (DADNP) were systematically investigated. The optimal method was found. The key parameters have been systematically studied, such as the synthesis route, temperature, solvent, time, the reactant ratio, and the purification route. The optimal route was confirmed and would have an important reference for pilot plant scale-up.

Abstract: Effects of lycopene on the oxidative stability of soybean oils were studied by adding different concentrations of lycopene [0.01, 0.02 and 0.04% (w/w)] in soybean oils, at the same time, BHT and TBHQ at 0.02% (w/w) were used for comparison. The antioxidant activity is measured by using three different methods. Induction time for the samples of the Rancimat method was determined by measuring the elapsed time from the beginning to the moment when conductivity changed suddenly, whereas the other samples were method hod and oven storage at 60 °C in the dark and accelerated photo-oxidation at 7500 lx light intensity at 30 °C. Degree of oxidation was measured by the indicators of both peroxide value and acid value. These results reveal that lycopene exhibits appreciable activity, which exceeded the activity of BHT, but slightly lower than that of TBHQ.

Abstract: In this investigation, antibacterial property of microencapsulated cinnamon oil was investigated. Microencapsulated cinnamon oil was prepared by simple coacervation. Microencapsulated cinnamon oil exhibited good antimicrobial activities. Moreover, the effect of microencapsulated cinnamon oil on the quality of cherry tomato was investigated. Result showed microencapsulated cinnamon oil could reduced fruit decay and keep the quality of cherry tomato.