Advanced Materials Research Vols. 236-238

Abstract: Major factors that influenced the breakage of starch bubbles during extrusion expansion such as the initial bubble radium, the initial cell wall thickness, the initial cell wall temperature, the initial cell wall moisture content, the stress strength constant of starch and the changes of failure stress of bubble wall, stress of bubble wall, bubble radium, cell wall thickness, pressure different with time were investigated and the critical breaking points for each operation parameters under certain conditions were determined. The results showed that the smaller the initial bubble radium, the higher the initial cell wall thickness, and within certain range, the lower the initial temperature, the lower the initial moisture content, and the higher the stress strength constant of starch, the lower the tendency the bubble broke.

Abstract: The metabolies characterization of mold producing esterifying synthetase of different culture conditions were studied. A mold strain producing esterifying enzyme was isolated from Luzhou-flavor DaQu and it was identified by Biolog Microbes automated identification System. Culture conditions such as culture temperature, fermentation time and carbon source were changed. The fermentatiom broth was extracted by ethanol and analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that the strain was Aspergillus flavus. When the culture temperature increased, the molecular weight of its metabolites increased, the synthesis of high alcohol increased too, and their carbon chain lengthened gradually. When incubation time was prolonged, the varying law of the synthesis of its metabolites was alcohols-acid-ester, the metabolites with longer carbon chain produced earlier than the metabolites with shorter carbon chain. When the carbon source were starch, sucrose and bran, n-butyl alcohol and isoamyl alcohol were the common metabolites. When the carbon source was sucrose, most of the metabolites were alcohol and acid with shorter carbon chain. When the carbon source was starch, diethyl succinate was produced. When the carbon source was bran, the metabolites were less.

Abstract: In order to control the dust emission for boiler, bag dedusters and composite electrostatic-bag precipitators in the application of coal-fired power plants in China increase annually, these precipitator most on the ratio of higher p-phenylene sulfide (hereinafter referred to as PPS) material produced filter bag, run after period of time, PPS filter bag large appeared the life cycle of damage phenomenon.In this paper, the problems of bag dedusters and composite electrostatic-bag precipitators in the operation are statistically analyzed,especially composite electrostatic-bag precipitators used in the near future will have more appear PPS filter bag oxidation, acid corrosion such problems as the in-depth analysis study, appropriate solutions are presented.

Abstract: The enzymatic membrane bioreactor (EMB), which is a combination of a membrane separation process and an enzymatic reaction, is increasingly applied in food and agriculture fields. This article reviews the previous literatures of this topic, and particularly focuses on mathemaitc models which simulate the EMB system behavior and factors restricting EMB performances. The article consists of three parts. The first sector discusses mathematic models of EMB which are mostly derived from Michaelis-Menten equation, Fick’s diffusion law, chemical equilibrium and material balance, and affecting factors whose interactions are revealed by response surface methodology, in order to optimize the parameters of EMB. The second section summarizes the reaction characters of EMB. Finally, the future research areas of EMB are proposed.

Abstract: Using additives to prevent retrogradation together with traditional Chinese fermentation technology for rice noodles and the steam sterilizing technique used in the preparation of Japanese wudo noodles, we have developed a novel processing technique which will be discussed in this report. The major changes in rice compositions during fermentation were compared, and the effects of various anti-retrogradation additives on the freshness of instant rice noodle during storage were also measured. The results showed that rice noodles produced by fermentation have a better texture and flavor than those which are not fermented; products which have been wrapped without the addition of any preservatives but which have been steam-sterilized at 90-95 °C for 30-25 min can be stored for 24 months without any deterioration; however, additives such as plant oil, konjac powder and potato starch etc. prevent retrogradation and insure that instant rice noodles remain fresh during storage; β-amylase has been found to be the most effective reagent in this respect.

Abstract: The aim was to develop a nonlinearity model of quantitative analysis of vitamin C content by infrared spectroscopy and provide theoretical basis for nondestructive testing of vitamin C content in drugs. The infrared spectrum of vitamin C was smoothed and noise-eliminated by wavelet transform, which may obtained smooth curve and enhanced spectrum resolution. Absorption peak about 3000cm^-1 was selected as characteristic absorption peak to set up linearity or nonlinearity model. The result showed that nonlinearity model, correlation coefficient 0.9967, had more nicety than that of linearity model. The result of traditional titration of iodine as reference system, relative deviation of nonlinearity model was 2.75%, but that of linearity model was 28.03%. It was feasible and effective to determine vitamin C content by infrared spectroscopy based on nonlinear modeling.

Abstract: Core SB-01 , located in SanShui Basin, contained two ostracode assemblages and two charophyte assemblages. Ostracode assemblages included Sinocypris nitela-Cyprois buxinensis-Limnocythere honggangensis assemblages (89.0-73.38m) and Sinocypris nitela-Cyprois buxinensis-Limnocythere honggangensis assemblages (73.38-0m); Charophyte assemblages consisted of Peckichara subspherica-Rhabdochara jiangduensis assemblages (89.0-73.38m) and Gyrogona qianjiangica-Obtusochara brevicylindrica（73.38-53.75m）assemblages. At 73.38 core depth, the abrupt change of microfossil assemblages took place, and δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values of bulk carbonates also changed rapidly, the former decreased and the latter enhanced respectively. It consisted with the geological records of the Paleocene- Eocene Thermal Maximum ( PETM), hence Paleocene-Eocene boundary of SanShui Basin should be roughly placed at 73.38m core depth.

Abstract: Huperzine A loaded microspheres are prepared using a W/O solvent evaporation method. The fixed speed release system is that microspheres composed with thermosensitive methylcellulose based hydrogel. SEM is used to analysis the surface morphology of Huperzine A loaded microspheres, which is shown that the difference of the size of microspheres. The size less than 200µm can be used as injection. Gelation experiment shows that the methylcellulose based solution can be transformed into in-situ hydrogel in 15 minutes at body temperature. The result of in vitro release shows that Huperzine A released in a nearly fixed speed. All the meterials of experiment can be biodegrated completely without operating to remove the gel. This is a promising long-term injection system, which is security and controlable for clinic.

Abstract: The solution of piperine in multiple solvent including ethanol, acetic acid, water and HCl were investigated to extract more piperine from piper fruit. Piperine was determined by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography with Diamonsil column (C₁₈,5 μm ,250 mm×4. 6 mm) at 343 nm. Experiment data were simulated by Allometric model and the formula is Z=0.9+ 4.54×10^-10×x^5.675+1.8029×y^2.12848+2.37×10^-10×x^5.675×y^2.12848(Z:sample solution,mol/mL,x: the percentage of ethanol’s volume, ml/100mL,y: the acetic acid in the authentic sample solution, g/100mL), the adj·R²=0.997, the comparative deviation less than 2%. These results are good in agreement with experimental data. It reveals that the model can meet the requirements of the selection and design in extracting piperine from piper fruit.

Abstract: The cell wall of peanut skin was destroyed by cellulase enzymolysis from peanut skin fermentation, which was beneficial to extract proanthocyanidin. The extraction conditions of proanthocyanidin from fermented peanut skin were studied according to orthogonal experiment based on single factor experiments. And the optimum conditions were obtained as follows: extraction time 40min, extraction temperature 55°C, Concentrations of ethanol 45%, solid-liquid ratio 1:15. The extraction rate was 16.17 %.