Advanced Materials Research Vols. 573-574

Abstract: Titanium dioxide powders were synthesized by ultrasonic-assisted hydrolysis reaction of titanium tetra-isopropoxide at the low-temperature. The samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The photocatalytic activity of samples were investigated by the degradation of methyl orange under UV light radiation (6W, λ= 352nm) at room temperature. The results indicated that the products were mainly composed of high homogeneity anatase phases, and the methyl orange degradation rate can reach more than 90% under ultraviolet irradiation 180min. The photocatalytic activity of the samples prepared by ultrasonic method is higher than that of the samples prepared by conventional hydrolysis method.

Abstract: Based on the effects of fly ash three-slag mixture by industrial solid wastes (washed-out slurry),the paper has been approached to the modified problems of the fly ash three-slag mixture. The strength and durability tests suggest that the fly ash three-slag mixture modified with washed-out slurry have the features of high-early-strength and higher durability.

Abstract: Based on the high energy consumption of membrane distillation (MD) process and the excessive cooling water consumption issues, a new type of vacuum multiple-effect membrane distillation (MEMD) process was designed. The process set up a special multiple-effect evaporation zone for the first time where heat exchange and MD happened at the same time. The experiment studied the effects of the membrane area in main evaporation zone, feed fluid flow of the lumen side of membrane module and module length of multiple-effect evaporation zone on MEMD process. The equivalent flux of the system can reach the maximal value (34.8 kg•m-2•h-1) and the additional cooling water consumption is only 30.8% of traditional VMD process when the feed inlet temperature of the module and the membrane area in the main evaporation zone are 345 K and 0.10 m2, feed fluid flow is 4.0 L•h-1, and the module length is 868 mm of multiple-effect evaporation zone. The MEMD process has a wonderful industrial application prospect.

Abstract: Applying electroosmosis to sludge dewatering practically, methods for improving electroosmotic dewatering must be explored. The influence of initial pH, adding Al2 (SO4)3 dose and ash content in sludge on electroosmotic dewatering behavior was investigated. The results show that acid or alkaline environment is unfavorable for electroosmotic dewatering, especially initial pH of sludge closing to the isoelectric point, electroosmotic dewatering behaves worst. With increasing Al2(SO4)3 coagulant-aid dose, the decreasing rate of water content becomes slower gradually during electroosmotic dewatering. Besides, higher ash content in sludge has a better effect on vaccum filtration, but slightly impact on electroosmotic dewatering. When ash content increases to 69.9% from 52.4%, final water content reduces to 64.3% from 78.3% using vaccum filtration, and the decreasing amount of water content by electroosmotic dewatering ranges from 16.5% to 12.3%.

Abstract: The Ultra-High Pressure (UHP) technology has not been reported in modifying chitosan. This paper studied the properties of UHP treated chitosan edible films. The results show that the Ultra-high Pressure (UHP) treatment can increase the Tensile Strength of the chitosan films and lower the Elongation percentage, Water Vapor Permeability and Oxygen Permeability rate values. The structure of treated films is more stable and compact than control samples. In the experimental test range, the optimum condition for UHP treatment is 400 MPa.

Abstract: Common glass for architecture had only one function, i.e., transparency and the requirement for indoor health made “environmental protection type” novel glass necessary. In the present study, a novel self-cleaning glass was prepared by sol-gel method. To form self-cleaning glass, common glass was adopted as the foundation base and TiO2 coatings were cover its outside surfaces. The novel glass had little change in shape but alteration to slightly white compared to common glass, thanks to white TiO2. The self-cleaning glass could reduce formaldehyde concentration of air from more than 160 mg•m3 to 0.4 mg•m3 within 60 h, while the common glass could cut down to ca. 30 mg•m3 and reaching equilibrium before 24 h. The removal of formaldehyde by common glass could be owing to adsorption action and slightly gradation by ultraviolet light, and the removal by self-cleaning glass could be mostly assigned to photodegradation by TiO2 when ultraviolet light irradiation. Besides, the self-cleaning glass exhibit 74.99% and 91.60% anti-bacteria rate to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, when common glass was chosen as control. In brief, the self-cleaning glass was proved excellent to remove formaldehyde and inhibit bacteria. As a result of the non-preference of the photodegradtion and anti-bacteria by TiO2, it was believed the self-cleaning glass could remove almost all the kinds of indoor organic gases and inhibit almost all the kinds of bacteria, including some pathogens. The self-cleaning glass had great potential in interior finish application meeting the challenge for environmental protection.

Abstract: This paper is mainly about the use of super absorbent polymer for interior decoration materials. It introduces the super absorbent polymer and interior decoration materials. The structural properties make super absorbent polymer have an excellent ability to absorb water and keep it inside the materials. The analysis of technology, market, operation and cost show that super absorbent polymer is the best waterproof /dampproof materials in the interior decoration.

Abstract: Glyoxylic acid is an important intermediate of organic chemical and it can generate dozens of fine chemical products. At present, its production process is mostly in the manufacturing of 30% to 50% solution of glyoxylic acid. Due to the presence of large amounts of water, solution of glyoxylic acid in aqueous solution is difficult to meet the needs of medicine, food and other industries which require high-purity crystal glyoxylic acid products. The experiments show that synthesis process using crystal glyoxylic acid as raw material in the manufacturing of allantoin instead of solution of glyoxylic acid is reasonable and feasible. Compared with other synthetic methods reported in the literature, this method has advantages of simple technology and high yielding. Solvent inspection results show that solvent polarity has some influence on the reaction results. That the polarity is too strong and too weak is not conducive to reaction. The mixed solution of tetrahydrofuran and ethanol is suitable reaction solvent.

Abstract: In this study, removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions by synthetic Mg-Al-HTlc was investigated as a function of contact time, EDTA and addition sequences at room temperature. It is found that HTlc could reduced copper ions concentration effectively. The kinetics closely fit pseudo-second order kinetics with necessary time 9 h to reach equilibrium. The sorption process followed langmuir model. The maximum sorption capacity calculated was found to be 39.4 mg/g. The presence of EDTA and addition sequences could affect sorption of Cu(II) onto HTlc.

Abstract: Taking the organic modified montmorillonite as a carrier and dispersant, the supported nanoscale zero-valent iron materials with different iron contents were synthesized through the ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) and the sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in it. The structure and morphology of the materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Finally, the performances of the supported nanoscale zero-valent iron were studied by high-performance liquid chromatography to determine the adsorption and degradation of 4-chlorophenol. The results indicate that the supported nanoscale zero-valent iron was well dispersed,different iron dosages imposed a visible effect on the morphology and particle diameter of iron;the degradation of 4-chlorophenol resulted from adsorption and degradation processes. Materials with different iron contents exhibited significantly different performance levels in terms of 4-chlorophenol adsorption and degradation.