Advanced Materials Research Vols. 233-235

Abstract: An experiment of the preparation of mono-ethanolamine, die-ethanolamine, and tri-ethanolamine from aqueous ammonia and ethylene oxide is studied. In the reaction system, water carries out the catalysis. The activation energy of mono-ethanolamine is determined, 61.52kJ.mol^-1. The frequency factor is a quadratic function of water concentration. Under different reaction temperature, three final ethanolamine product contents are constant, which indicate the activation energies of three ethanolamins are equal. Using nonlinear least square regression, reaction rate ratios of die-ethanolamine or tri-ethanolamine to mono-ethanolamine are calculated. The two ratios are both linear relation with water concentration, dropping with water concentration increase.

Abstract: The type and performance indicators of the grout contribute great impact on the grouting effect. Uniform test method was adopted on the mix design optimization of the new grout, and the raw material requirements and performance requirements of the new grout were developed. Test results of the new grout, inert grout, and cement grout performances were compared and conclusions were drawn that the overall performances of the new grout were better than the other two type grouts. The modification of injection pump and pipe for the new grout injection were introduced, the preliminary application results of Shanghai and Suzhou metro showed that the new grout played a very good role on the surface subsidence control.

Abstract: Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is an effective intumescent flame retardant, it has different crystalline forms and therefore, different application. By process of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, the intermediate APP-X in between ammonium polyphosphate form II (APP-II) and form V (APP-V) was found and measured. The transformation process from APP-X to APP-II were studied and discussed. The XRD patterns in this process were discussed in detail so that the crystalline transformation process from APP-X and APP-II can be understood.

Abstract: APP-V can be transformed to APP-I and APP-II, and APP-II can also be transformed to APP-V. However, the crystalline transformation process is not well known. By process of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, the intermediate APP-X in between ammonium polyphosphate form II (APP-II) and form V (APP-V) was found and measured. The transformation process from APP-X to APP-V were studied and discussed. The XRD patterns in this process were discussed in detail so that the crystalline transformation process from APP-X and APP-V can be understood.

Abstract: The interaction between 3, 5-dinitrobenzoic acid and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by the method of fluorescence spectroscopy. By the analysis of fluorescence spectra and fluorescence intensity, it was observed that the 3, 5-dinitrobenzoic acid had a strong ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA through static quenching process. Based on fluorescence quenching results, the apparent binding constant (K) between 3, 5-dinitrobenzoic acid and BSA was 7.08×10⁶ and the number of binding sites (n) was 1.5 at 298 K. The distance (r) between donor (BSA) and acceptor (3, 5-dinitrobenzoic) was 4.17 nm according to the Förster’s theory of non-radiation energy transfer. The negative △H and △S in case of 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid-BSA complex showed that hydrogen bonds and van der Waals force played a significant role in the binding of 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid to BSA. The synchronous fluorescence spectra revealed that 3, 5-dinitrobenzoic acid induced conformational change of BSA.

Abstract: A copolymer of acrylic acid (AA)/allylpolyethoxy carboxylate (APEC) was synthesized, characterized and examined as a non-phosphorous antiscalant for industrial cooling-water. Its ability to prevent calcium phosphate and sulfate precipitation was compared with inhibitory power of acrylic acid (AA)/allylpolyethoxy sulfate (APES) and polyamino polyether methylenephosphonate (PAPEMP). Results indicate that the presence of these antiscalants does reduce the extend of calcium phosphate and sulfate precepitation and AA/APEC exhibits the best performance with 99.59% calcium-phosphate inhibition when the dosage of AA/APEC was 6 mg/L and 82.88% calcium-sulfate inhibition at the dosage of 3 mg/L AA/APEC. AA/APEC has also been proven to be an effective inhibitor for calcium phosphate and calcium sulfate even at elevated solution temperature, pH and Ca²⁺ concentration.

Abstract: Organotin catalysts were modified with sodium molybdate, sodium tungstate and sodium vanadate, and the modified organotin catalysts displayed high activity in transesterification of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) with phenol into diphenyl carbonate (DPC).

Abstract: A range of novel cationic starlike polymers (poly(Pen-g-MeDMA) were synthesized through atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) by core-first method. The tetrafunctional initiator (Pen-Br) was prepared by esterification of pentaerythritol with 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide. [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethyl ammonium chloride (MeDMA) was polymerized in H₂O/EtOH medium using Pen-Br, Cu(I)Br, 2,2-dipyridine as an initiator, catalyst, and ligand respectively. The results indicated that the cationic charge density of the poly(Pen-g-MeDMA) were high and pH-insensitive. The poly(Pen-g-MeDMA) could be used as a cationic fixing agent to remove dissolved and colloidal substances from pulp, markedly improving the efficiency of retention aids.

Abstract: Various negatively charged and positively charged inorganic nano-materials have been suggested to constitute the so-called microparticle retention systems with cationic or anionic polymers. Anionic microparticle retention systems consisted of cationic polymers and negatively charged inorganic nano-materials with various aspect ratios were reviewed while their working mechanism were analyzed. Cationic microparticle retention systems made up of either naturally or organo-modified cationic nano-materials were introduced.

Abstract: Boron modified phenolic (BPF) resins with different boron amounts were synthesized with a special synthesis technology. The structure of BPF resin was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and its curing behavior was analyzed by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results showed that boric acid reacted with the hydroxyl groups in phenolic resin to form a new cross-linked bond such as B-O. At the same time, the heat resistance of BPF resin was improved about 18% with addition of boric acid of 0.8wt%. The obtained BPF had a high curing temperature of 254.6when the boric acid amount was 0.8wt%.