Advanced Materials Research Vols. 233-235

Abstract: A supported dual acidic ionic liquid was prepared via anchoring 3-sulfobutyl-1-(3-propyltriethoxysilane) imidazolium hydrogen sulfate onto common silica gel by covalent bond. The novel immobilized acidic ionic liquid illustrated high catalytic activity in esterification and acetalization reactions. The products could be separated by simple decantation and the recovered catalyst could be recycled without remarkable loss of catalytic activity even after eight runs for esterification and six runs for acetalization.

Abstract: Micro- and Macro-mixing models were built and numerical investigation of turbulent mixing in ejectors was carried out. Mixture fraction and its variance presented by Fox were remodeled to demonstrate micro- and macro-mixing performance. The length needed to reach 98% micro- and macro-mixing were founded is functions of u_j/u_m and D/d. The mathematical scale-up models were presented based on the simulation results using least square method for micro- and macro-mixing and five different cases were used to validate the models. The results showed that macro-mixing scale-up model agreed well with CFD simulations but the micro-mixing scale-up model had a less precision compared with that of macro-mixing model. This because that the mechanism of micro-mixing process is very complexity but the CFD models we used in this work are fairy simple.

Abstract: In this paper two types of oil-paper samples are thermally aged in two temperatures of 120. The samples are constituted by 25# oil, 45# oil and paper. Some aging indicators are measured during the aging process. Three parameters are measured during the aging process. The insulating ability of paper can be evaluated by water content and CO₂/CO value. The model of functional relation for degree of polymerization (DP) with CO₂/CO value, water content and service period are established by multiple linear regression analysis.

Abstract: The transport of phenol (Ph-OH) and p-nitrophenol (p-NP) through a supported liquid membrane system based on hydrophobic ionic liquids ([BEIM][PF₆]) (SILMs) consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (PVDF) as the liquid membrane support and sodium hydroxide solution as the strippping phase, has been studied. The effects of pH, ionic strength, initial concentration of phenol (or p-NP) in feed phase, concentration of sodium hydroxide in the stripping phase have also been investigated, respectively. The optimum transport conditions of phenol in the SILMs were that pH 3.5, ionic strength 0.2 mol/L, initial concentration of phenol 1.31×10^-3 mol/L in feed phase, concentration of sodium hydroxide in stripping phase was 0.2 mol/L. The permeability value of phenol under above conditions was 2.0×10^-5 m/s during the transport time of 120 min. The optimum transport conditions of p-NP in the SILMs were that pH 5.5, ionic strength 0.2 mol/L, initial concentration of p-NP 4.90×10^-4 mol/L in feed phase, concentration of sodium hydroxide in stripping phase was 0.15 mol/L.The permeability value under above conditions was 8.6×10^-6 m/s during the transport time of 120 min. The kinetic equations that can describe transport of phenol and p-NP through the SILMs were also obtained.

Abstract: A kind of efficient, environment-friendly compound inhibitor was prepared with 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (2MBI), potassium iodide, triethanolamine, polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether and peregal by weight loss through orthogonal experiment. The effects of the compound on corrosion of A20 steel in citric acid have been investigated in relation to it’s concentration by weight loss measurements, polarization curve methods and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The result of weight loss reveals that the compound is a good inhibitor whose efficiency can reach 98.8%. Polarization curve results show that the compound restrain the process of cathode and anode, belonging to anode control-oriented and charge transfer-controlled. EIS results show that the changes in the impedance parameters (R_p and C_d) with concentrations of the compound are indicative of the adsorption of these molecules leading to the formation of a protective layer on steel surface.

Abstract: Testosterone, the steroid hormone used in sex reversal and as an aphrodisiac, is produced not only by sea cucumber, but many other organisms too. This research was aimed at optimizing conventional extraction of testosterone from sea cucumber, looking at method, type of solvent, solvent ratio, and temperature for isolation. The results showed that extraction by reflux produced the highest testosterone content, followed by soxhlet extraction. The lowest yield was produced by maceration extraction. The solvents selected were acetone, methanol, methanol/chloroform mixture (1:2) and chloroform. The highest result was obtained by methanol/chloroform (0.2728 mg /100g dry weight (dw)), followed by acetone (0.2623 mg), chloroform (0.1606 mg) and methanol (0.0920 mg). Ratios of material:solvent used were 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 respectively. Results improved as the amount of solvent was increased, so a ratio of 1:3 was most successful and 1:1 least successful. The effects of temperature and time on scale-up reflux extraction were also studied. Scale-up reflux extraction of 3000 ml showed that raising the temperature increases the percentage of sea cucumber extract.

Abstract: The non-ionic reverse micelles used for dyeing wool were prepared with a non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100 (TX-100) by injecting small amount of acid dye aqueous solution. And the adsorption properties of three water-soluble anionic acid dye including Mordant Black 9, Acid Black 234 and Acid Orange 156 onto wool in TX-100 reverse micelle were studied and compared. Then effect of W value (molar ratio of the injected water to TX-100) and pH level on dye adsorption was also investigated. The results indicate that Higher W value and Low pH level would increase the adsorption amount of the dye onto wool. The adsorption of the dye onto wool showed better agreement with Langmuir isotherm equation. Mordant Black 9 with lower molecular weight and one sulfonic group exhibited the higher adsorption capacity than the other dyes.

Abstract: Although widely applied in many industries, anionic surfactants (AS) have been shown to contaminate the natural environment. Therefore, the detection of trace amounts of AS in environmental samples is of great interest. Here, we report a novel fluorescence quenching method for the determination of trace AS, specifically, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), using 1-(5-naphthol-7-sulfonic acid) -3-(4-pheny-lazophenyl)-triazene (NASAPAPT). Under optimum conditions, the degree of fluorescence quenching is linearly proportional to the concentration of SDS from 2.08×10^-8 to 8.67×10^-7mol L^-1 with a detection limit of 8.35×10^-9mol L^-1. The proposed method exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity, yet it avoids the use of toxic organic solvents and tedious solvent extraction procedures. It has been applied to the determination of trace SDS in both natural water and industrial samples with recoveries between 99.04 and 103.58%. Results indicated that the hydrogen bonds formed between NASAPAPT and SDS played an important role in the detection process and that the π→π^* transition was crucial for fluorescence of the NASAPAPT complex.

Abstract: The separation of quartz from hematite adding the polyoxyethylene ether to the fatty acid has been investigated. The main factors affecting flotation temperature were found to be constitutes of collector and surfactants. The results indicate that the temperature of fatty acid anion reverse flotation of iron ore could be reduced to 22 from 45 . It can achieve purposes of saving energy and lowering carbon let.

Abstract: A two-dimensional numerical model has been established to model the sorption process inside fixed-bed adsorber. In the model, mass transfer rate, porosity distribution, nonisothermal, pressure drop, gas compression and also the dead volumes are taken into account. The model. has been applied to simulate a PSA air separation cycle for oxygen production on LiX zeolite with both 2 beds considered simultaneously, where the tube-to-particle diameter ratio (d_B/d_p) is 50. The results clearly show the concentration distribution and its propagation with time and a non-uniform packing induced concentration maldistribution. The two-dimensional simulation is found to be very useful for a better understanding of the dynamic adsorption and separation process in an adsorber. The results of further research are capable to guide or optimize the design of adsorber configurations.